The three factors necessary for germination of a seed are:
(1).Water:
Seed obtains water from its environment, i.e from the soil, in natural conditions. The water is absorbed all over the surface but mainly through the micropyle. Two main uses of water are:
(i) The seed swells and consequently the seed coat ruptures allowing the elongating the radicle to come out and form the root system.
(ii). water is necessary for chemical reaction and for the enzymes to act on the food stored in the cotyledons or the endosperm so that it is converted into diffusable form dissolved and utilized by the growing embroyo.
(2).Suitable temperature:
Both very low and high temperatures are unsuitable for germination.A very low temperature inhibits the growth of the embroyo and a very high temperature destroys its tissues.A moderately warm temperature(25 degrees to 35 degrees centigrade) is usually favourable for germination and it is also called optimium temperature.Seeds of tropical plants need a higher temperature than those of the temperate regions.
(3).Oxygen:
During germination there is rapid cell division and cell growth for which energy is required.This energy is available only by respiration(for oxidation of food) and hence the need for oxygen(or air).
Following factors are to be taken in to consideration foe seed germination-:
1) Dormancy period -- A seed requires to undergo a period of dormancy after its formation. During this period the seed 'rests' and may refuse to germinate properly. This period varies from seed to seed . Seeds of water melon or red gourd do not have a dormany period and may germinate easily immediately after their formation in the fruit. Others require dormancy period ranging from a few weeks to a few months.
2) Viability of a seed -- It is exactly like expiry date/period of a commercial product. It must not be confused with the dormancy or 'resting period'
After the resting period a seed bcomes ready to germinate.But this readiness is not for ever. It literally expires after cerain period.After that seed will not germinate. This 'ready to germinate' period is the viability period of a seed. It may vary from a few years to many centuries.Seeds of Lotus are reported to have germinated even after eight hundred years! In that case their viability period is atleast that much if not more.
After considering the two inherent factors, let us now look in to the external factors.
3) Soil moisture or water -- This is required to trigger the mechanism of germination.In in absence of moisture the seeds can not germinate ; but when it is available it is imbibed by the seed coat and the enzymes in side become active and functional. The amount of water does not matter in the initial stages; But later on it becomes critical.
4) Soil Texture - Does not matter during germination. Seeds can even germinate with out soil on the piece of a moist blotting paper.
5)Soil pH--Should too acidic. pH 5 to 8 is alright.
6) Soil temparature - It should be on the warmer side.Lesser the temp. lesser the rate of germination.
7) Light - It does not affect the process of germination; but some seeds do germinate better in the ABSENCE of light. They like darkness for germination it seems.
Factors affecting seed germination
Seed germination depends on both internal and external conditions. The most important external factors includetemperature, water, oxygenand sometimes light or darkness.[2] Various plants require different variables for successful seed germination, often this depends on the individual seed variety and is closely linked to the ecological conditions of a plant'snatural habitat. For some seeds, their future germination response is affected by environmental conditions during seed formation; most often these responses are types of seed dormancy.
Most common annual vegetables have optimal germination temperatures between 75-90 F (24-32 C), though many species (e.g. radishes or spinach) can germinate at significantly lower temperatures, as low as 40 F (4 C), thus allowing them to be grown from seed in cooler climates. Suboptimal temperatures lead to lower success rates and longer germination periods.
Scarification mimics natural processes that weaken the seed coat before germination. In nature, some seeds require particular conditions to germinate, such as the heat of a fire (e.g., many Australian native plants), or soaking in a body of water for a long period of time. Others need to be passed through an animal'sdigestive tract to weaken the seed coat enough to allow the seedling to emerge
humidity, temp, light, seed age... and many more
the main three are oxygen, water, temperature.
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The factors that affect seed germination is moisture and warmth levels. To maintain the proper germination conditions, use germinating supplies.
What are the basic factors in seed germination
1. An adequate supply of moisture
2. An adequate supply of oxygen
3. A favorable temperature
4. Proper soil conditions
5. Sufficient sunlight
Heat and moisture. If only one moisture.
Manipulated variable is also known as the independent variable. The independent variable may determine if a seed germinates. Examples of manipulated variables for seed germination include: water, suitable temperature and air/oxygen. These basic variables are also the most important in seed germination.
Seed germination requires the proper combination of oxygen, temperature, moisture and light. As the seed takes up water, it activates enzymes that direct the process of germination.
Viviporus germination is that type of germination in which seed germinate inside the fruit.
Oxygen gas is needed by the seed during germination. Aerobic respiration takes place during seed germination to release lots of energy required for this process.
seed germination does not takes place in flo.wers
Temperature has the greatest effect on seed germination.
Temperature and Moisture.
Some environmental factors that may favor seed germination include the availability of water, optimal temperature, and the presence of oxygen. Additionally, the presence of light or specific chemicals may also play a role in promoting seed germination.
Manipulated variable is also known as the independent variable. The independent variable may determine if a seed germinates. Examples of manipulated variables for seed germination include: water, suitable temperature and air/oxygen. These basic variables are also the most important in seed germination.
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Germination.
Warm soil and moisture for germination. After germination is when all of the other factors affect plant growth. There are Organic Seed Starters available which can change days of normal germination into hours. The best Organic Seed Starter I have used changed the 7- 10 day germination printed on the packet to only 24 hours.
seed germination does not takes place in flo.wers
more chlorine = less seed germination
The contents of a seed are used up after germination by the seedling growing from it.
Seed germination in gram is hypogeal
Yes because of Lauren Hallas.