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Most people. Medieval fairs were usually held on feast days when there could be a high turnout. They were usually a mix of entertainers (musicians, tricksters) and craftsmen who could sell their wares. This attracted a high turnout of people from most social classes though the highest nobility would often refrain from going.

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11y ago
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12y ago

The number of annual fairs granted by royal charter just in England is huge; across Europe the number must have been immense. There were far too many to begin to list them all here.

The dates of each English royal grant of an annual fair are known, as are the locations the fairs were to be held and the names of beneficiaries of all the tolls, rents and taxes levied on merchants and traders. In some cases the location, date and beneficiary changed over time (with the issue of later royal charter) and not all fairs existed at the same time; some were granted later than others and some ceased during the period. In some cases the removal of the right to hold a fair or to benefit from it was used as a punishment for some offence.

A few examples:

  • At the important port town of Sandwich in Kent, an annual fair was granted by Edward I in 1290. The fair was to be held from 1 January to 2 February and all benefits went to Queen Eleanor of Castile and the king's heirs. This fair was changed by a charter of 1317 to be a 40-day event starting each 6 January.
  • At Saffron Walden in Essex, a charter was issued by Matilda, Queen of England to Geoffrey de Mandeville (Earl of Essex) in 1147 to hold a fair lasting 7 days each Pentecost.
  • At the castle town of Corfe in Dorset a fair was granted by Henry III to the "men of Corfe" (meaning the burgesses and guildsmen) in 1248, to be held in March.
  • At Shrewsbury in Shropshire, an original charter granted by William II was confirmed by King Stephen in 1138. This allowed a fair lasting just 3 days from 1 August (it was known as St Peter's Fair); all benefits went to the Abbey Church of Saints Peter and Paul (as mentioned the Cadfael story entitled "St Peter's Fair").

It is clear from these few examples that the benefits (monetary income) from fairs could be assigned to an individual, a group of townsmen or to an institution such as Shrewsbury abbey.

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10y ago

During the Middle Ages, a fair was a temporary event that served as a market. Holding a fair was only legal by permission, and a village could only have one a few times each year.

A fair differed from a market in that the market was permanent. In many places, the distinction between a village and a town was that the town had a market but a village did not. Granting permission to have a market gave a village the status of a market town. Such permission was usually granted by a monarch.

Fairs attracted all sorts of people with all sorts of goods to sell. These ranged from cloth or jewelry to food. Fairs also often attracted entertainers, who could make a living from the pay they got from audiences at the fairs.

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13y ago

They were markets for people to buy, sell and trade food and products.

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Q: Why did they have fairs in medieval times?
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