What figurative language referrs to a part of something that represents the whole?

It could be Microcosm: a situation or place that represents a larger situation or place, eg the play "the crucible" was a microcosm for a situation in American politics in the time in was written. It could also be Synecdoche: where a section or feature is used to describe the whole eg stiff upper lip It may be objective correlative, where small inferences are used to explain something unexplainable eg "I have measured out my life in coffee spoons" - T.S Eliot