Leaves from the kaffir lime tree, which grows in Thailand, may be bought from stores that have an ethnic food section or that specialize in Asian food.
There is no Tagalog for kaffir lime since the kaffir lime is not really used in Luzon. However, the kalamansi (calamondin) fruit or the "dayap" limes are widely used to infuse a bright/sour flavor...
Lime is calcium oxide.
Quicklime is anhydrous calcium oxide.Slake lime is calcium hydroxide--add water to calcium oxide and it turns into calcium hydroxide.