Primary standard is a chemical entity available with highest purity and stability with high molecular weight. e.g. KHP, NaCl, Calcium salt used in standardisation of volumetric solution.
Secondary standards are compounds used in analysis after evaluation against primary standards. e.g.- NaOH VS, Sodium thiosulphate VS
A primary standard
is areagent
that is extremely pure, stable, has no hydrated molecules, and has a highmolecular weight.
example:
sodium carbonate: Na2CO3, mol wt. = 105.99 g/mol
A secondary
standard
is a
standard
that is prepared in the laboratory for a specific analysis. It is usually standardized against a primary
standard.
example: NaOH..
A secondary standard is a solution that is not stable in its own form, and must first be standardized before being used. A good example of this is NaOH
A solution that has been titrated against a primary standard solution.
Volumetric relates with volume, mostly refers to gas adsorption. After placed your samples into a sample tube, inset adsorbate gas like N2, then your sample will adsorb the N2, finally using professional analyzer to calculate how much gas adsorbed, then will know your sample adsorpiong characteristics. For example, using V-Sorb 2800P volumetric adsorption analyzer, it can get adsorption isotherm, then will know surface area, pore size etc key data which is very important for researchers to know their samples performance.
The volume of any material depends on the temperature; to prepare water solutions (titrant, standard solution, control sample, etc.) for chemical analysis the normal and general accepted temperature is 20 oC for water. Also volumetric glassware is graduated at 20 oC.
Standard solutions are used to check instruments and methods of analysis.
- known chemical formula- stable compound- possibility of drying without decomposition- low cost
primary standard solution is prepared by direct measurements of the mass of solute and the volume of solution.whereas, a secondary standard solution is a solution whose concentration can't be determined directly from weight of solute and volume of solution, the concentration must be determined by analysis of the solution itself.
It is a solution of known concentration. In acid base titrations we used KHP as the acid standard. We weighed it to 0.1 mg and made the solution up to a certain volume in a volumetric flask. We then standardized the base by titration. KHP was thus the primary standard and NaOH the secondary std.
A solution that has been titrated against a primary standard solution.
there are two types of standard solution 1 primary 2 secondary
Volumetric flask - used to prepare a standard solution in laboratory
solution that changes it's strength with the passage of time.
Volumetric relates with volume, mostly refers to gas adsorption. After placed your samples into a sample tube, inset adsorbate gas like N2, then your sample will adsorb the N2, finally using professional analyzer to calculate how much gas adsorbed, then will know your sample adsorpiong characteristics. For example, using V-Sorb 2800P volumetric adsorption analyzer, it can get adsorption isotherm, then will know surface area, pore size etc key data which is very important for researchers to know their samples performance.
The volume of any material depends on the temperature; to prepare water solutions (titrant, standard solution, control sample, etc.) for chemical analysis the normal and general accepted temperature is 20 oC for water. Also volumetric glassware is graduated at 20 oC.
Standard solutions are used to check instruments and methods of analysis.
Primary standards have some peculiar propertiesThey are nonsensitive to atmospheric oxygenThey have known formula and molecular weightThey are usually high molecular weight compoundsThey have a constant concentration /uniform composition for a long period of timeThey are powerful reactantsSecondary standards areInfluenced by atmosphere/environmentConcentration change over timeUsually powerful reactantsUsually cheap & easy to useZeryawkal Ergetie(Msc in pharmaceutical Analysis )
- known chemical formula- stable compound- possibility of drying without decomposition- low cost
you can't make a primay standard solution with NaOh.as NaOh is said to be a secondary standard you have to establish the normality using some primary standard acids.