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What is a Draper?

Updated: 9/15/2023
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that would be a drape and it goes over your window to block the sun, or works as a decor for your home.

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Who was Charles Stark Draper?

Charles Stark Draper is best known for his work on gyroscopic instruments and other navigation systems for sea, air, and space craft. He was born on October 2, 1901, in Windsor, Missouri. After high school, he attended the University of Missouri for two years before transferring to the psychology program at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, in 1919. After his graduation from Stanford with a bachelor's degree in psychology, Draper made a decision that changed the course of his life: he agreed to drive to Boston with a friend who planned to enroll at Harvard. As the two young men drove through Cambridge, Massachusetts, the scenic view from the road near the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) caught Draper's attention, and he convinced his friend to stop for a better look. Several hours later, Draper emerged from the school's campus having enrolled in its electrochemistry program. Draper continued as a student at MIT through 1938, receiving a bachelor's degree in electrochemical engineering in 1926, a master's degree in 1928, and doctorate in physics in 1938. In 1939, he became a Professor of Aeronautical Engineering at MIT. Draper's interest in aviation greatly influenced his research. As an aircraft owner and pilot, he was directly affected by airplane engine performance and navigational capabilities. This practical approach always informed his theoretical research. Among his accomplishments during his early years are improvements to the magnetic compass, the rate of turn indicator, the rate of speed indicator, the rate of climb indicator, and other gyroscopic instruments. Developments in Draper's work eventually led to the 1940 founding of MIT's Instrumentation Laboratory. Through the Instrumentation Laboratory (originally named the Confidential Instrument Development Laboratory) Draper played a crucial role in improving navigational technology during World War II. His work on a more accurate and reliable gun-sight for use onboard United States Navy vessels was prompted by the sinking of two warships in 1941. The problem with the existing antiaircraft guns was that their gyroscopes did not give enough tracking data to allow for computer-aided targeting. Draper addressed this difficulty in his Mark 14 gun-sight. A "rated" gyroscope floating in viscous fluid was the basis of Draper's device. The gyroscope could compute the data necessary to achieve a direct hit of a designated object including the precise target range, wind velocity, and angle of the weapon. This allowed the gunner to simply bring the marked plane within a circle of dots on a reflecting glass to aim his gun. The Mark 14 proved its worth at the 1942 battle of Santa Cruz on board the U.S.S. South Dakota, and thereafter became standard in all United States Navy antiaircraft guns. Draper also helped develop a gun-sight system for aircraft. Called the A-1, it also was an immediate success. Advanced models of this later gave the F-86 Sabre an advantage in the Korean War against Russian-built planes. Although the war ended, Draper continued to work on research for the United States military. His areas of research included inertial navigation and guidance systems for sea and air that calculated the course of the craft without input from external sources. The first project he took on was developing a partially inertial navigating system including a gyrocompass and Marine Stable Element (from which the project, MAST, took its name) for use on ships and submarines. In 1951, Draper began a project known as SINS--Ship's Inertial Navigation System--which made the theory of an entirely inertial sea navigation system a reality. The problem SINS overcame was the tendency of gyros to drift off course over several months of operation unless they are corrected. Not many people took notice of Draper's initial demonstration of SINS, but among those who did was Vice Admiral Hyman Rickover--an instrumental figure in the development of the nuclear submarine. Rickover immediately saw the potential use of SINS with nuclear submarines and agreed to sponsor the further development of the system. Once the success of SINS was proved, United States military leaders asked Draper to develop navigational systems for Polaris ballistic missiles that would interface with the SINS unit on the submarine from which the missile was launched. The success of his work on the navigation system of the Polaris missiles resulted in a Distinguished Public Service Award from the Navy. Draper was subsequently involved in many ground-breaking rocket, aviation, and space projects. Project SPIRE, for example, was an inertial autopilot system that succeeded in keeping the plane on course throughout a flight across the United States, correcting for winds and currents, and elevating the plane to clear the Rocky Mountains. Draper was instrumental in designing navigational systems for the mid-range Thor and long-range Titan rockets. During the 1960s, the Instrumental Laboratory under Draper's supervision designed navigational systems for the Apollo manned missions to the moon. Draper's chief technical work was clearly the inertial guidance system. His influence, however, spread beyond the bounds of his technical contributions to the work of his fellow researchers and students. Draper's philosophies, techniques, and methods of examining scientific results informed an entire generation of scientists and engineers who followed him. Draper died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on July 25, 1987.


What is the title of Sharon draper's modern version or romeo and Juliet?

This would be Romiette and Julio. It's very loosely based on the same story Shakespeare used.


What has the author Paulina Abramson written?

Debra Paulk has written: 'Building a better balloon business' -- subject(s): Balloon decorations, Novelty balloon industry 'Easy 'n elegant balloon wedding decorations' -- subject(s): Balloon decorations, Wedding decorations


What is the name of a person who writes plays starting with d?

First Names Starting With "D"David EdgarDiego FabbriDario FoLast Names Starting with "D"Stig Dagerman (1923-1954) (Sweden)George DaltonAugustin Daly (1838-1899) (United States)Florent Carton Dancourt (1661-1725) (France)Clemence Dane (1888-1965) (England)Gabriele D'Annunzio (1863-1938) (Italy)Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) (France)William Davenant (1606-1668) (England)Robertson Davies (1913-1995) (Canada)Jack Davis (1917-2000) (Australia)Ossie Davis (1917-2005) (United States)Owen Davis (1874-1956) (United States)Roxann DawsonFrederic Lansing Day (1886-1982) (United States)April De Angelis (England)Eduardo De Filippo (1900-1984) (Italy)Thomas Dekker (ca. 1572-1632) (England)Shelagh Delaney (born 1939) (England)Casimir-Jean-François Delavigne (1793-1843) (France)Barbu Delavrancea (1858-1918) (Romania)Giambattista Della Porta (1535-1615) (Italy)Federico Della Valle (ca. 1560-1628) (Italy)Merrill Denison (1893-1975) (Canada)Lucien Descaves (1861-1949) (France)Jean Desmaretz de Saint-Sorlin (1595-1676) (France)Sugathapala de SilvaPhilippe Néricault Destouches (1680-1754) (France)Jacques Deval (1894-1972) (France)Juan Bautista Diamante (1625-1687) (Spain)Lydia R. Diamond (born 1969) (United States)Joaquín Dicenta y Benedicto (1863-1917) (Spain)Denis Diderot (1713-1784) (France)Steven DietzSalvatore Di Giacomo (1860-1934) (Italy)Tony DiMurro (United States)Joe DiPietroMadge DishmanLudovico Dolce (1508-ca. 1568) (Italy)Maurice Donnay (1859-1945) (France)Ariel DorfmanEarl of Dorset {redirect to Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset}Tankred Dorst (born 1925) (Germany)Stuart Draper (England)Michael Drayton (1563-1631) (England)Alex Dremann (1966-) (United States)John Drinkwater (1882-1937) (England)John Dryden (1631-1700) (England)Marin DrzicMarcel Dubé (born 1930) (Canada) *French language*Charles Rivière Dufresny (1654-1724) (France)Roger Martin du Gard {redirect to Martin du Gard, Roger}Alexandre Dumas, fils (1824-1895) (France)Alexandre Dumas, père (1802-1870) (France)D Underbelly (United States)Govind DeshpandeWilliam Dunlap (1766-1839) (United States)Marc DunnNell DunnPhilip Dunning (1891-1957) (United States)Lord Dunsany (1878-1957) (England/Ireland)Christopher DurangMarguerite Duras (1914-1996) (France)Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921-1990) (Switzerland) *German language*Pierre Du Ryer (1606-1658) (France)Jean Dutourd (born 1920) (France)Swadesh Deepak(born 1942- )(India)Henri Duvernois (1875-1937) (France)


Who is John Shakespeare to William Shakespeare?

John Shakespeare (c. 1531 - September 1601) was the father of William Shakespeare. He was a glover. John Shakespeare was a successful and well connected man during the early part of his career. He ran a business as a maker, worker and seller of leather goods such as purses, belts and gloves. On 2 October 1556, he purchased a large house in Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, which would later be said to be the birthplace of William. In 1556 John took up the first of several key municipal positions he was to hold in Stratford when he was elected borough ale taster. He was responsible for making sure that weights and measures and prices were observed correctly throughout the borough by innkeepers and publicans, but also by butchers, bakers and town traders. In 1558 John was made borough Constable - similar to an early police constable. He also held government positions in the town. He married Mary Arden, one of the Ardens of Warwickshire, a local gentry family and reportably a niece of John Shakespeare's father Richard Shakespeare. It is not known when they married, but a date around 1557 is assumed as there is a baptismal record for a "Joan Shakespeare, daughter to John Shakespeare" dated 15 September 1558. The Shakespeares had eight children: Joan (1558), Margaret (1562-63), William (1564-1616), Gilbert (1566-1612), Joan (1569-1646), Anne (1571-79), Richard (1574-1613), and Edmund (1580-1607). In 1559 John became an afeeror or affurer, a role where the holder was responsible for assessing fines for matters not handled by existing statutes. This role led on to his becoming a burgess, then a chamberlain. He was obviously reliable, to be trusted, well connected and well known. He would have been known as a 'Goodman', a title that recognised his growing social status within Stratford. By 1564, John was an alderman, a member of the Common Hall of Stratford, and it was in this year William was born. In 1568 John was appointed High Bailiff - mayor of Stratford in all but name and carrying the title 'Master'. In 1569 John had applied for a coat of arms; it was eventually granted on 20 October 1596 to John Shakespeare after William Shakespeare had applied for one on behalf of his father. However, John later seems to have fallen on hard times. He was recorded as among several local men who stayed away from Church services for fear of being arrested for debt. Because of this, he eventually lost his position as an alderman. Records suggest that he was also prosecuted (or threatened with prosecution at least) in the 1570s for illegal dealing in wool and for usury or lending money with interest - both highly illegal activities. Such illicit trade would have been profitable to his glove business by avoiding the middleman. He seems to have been involved in illegal wool trading in a meaningful way - in 1570 he was accused of making loans worth £220 (equivalent to over £50,000 in 2007) including interest to a Walter Mussum. Mussum was not a good risk - at his death his whole estate was worth £114 - or barely twice what John Shakespeare had seen fit to lend him. The financial risk was just one side of his potentially problematic business activity. The law described usury as "a vice most odious and detestable" and levied severe penalties for those caught in such practices, even in a small way. The law stated that anyone caught lending money with interest illegally would forfeit all the money lent, plus forfeiture of any interest due, face a fine on top and also possible imprisonment. John was also engaged in trading wool illegally in 1571 when he acquired 300 tods or 8,400 pounds of wool, a large consignment. In 1576 John decided to, or was made to, withdraw from public life in Stratford. He had been excused levies that he was supposed to pay by supportive townsmen and business associates and they kept his name on the rolls for a decade, perhaps hoping that in that time he would be able to return to public life and recover his financial situation. But he never did so. He is mentioned in the local records in 1597 when he sold some property to George Badger, a draper. Shakespeare was buried on 8 September 1601. In the 18th century, a tract signed by John Shakespeare, and promising to remain a Catholic in his heart, was found in the rafters of the house on Henley Street. It was seen and described by the scholar Edmond Malone. Though it was subsequently lost, a very similar copy of the formulaic text came to light in the twentieth century which showed the original to be very likely genuine, except for the first leaf which had been forged by John Jordan, a man who had acquired the manuscript and attempted to have it published.