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What is a Medieval Sanctuary?

Updated: 11/2/2022
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13y ago

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In the Middle Ages, many kingdoms had laws granting sanctuary, or a right of asylum, to churches and monasteries. These laws varied rather widely, but in general, they said that people who sought sanctuary in these places could remain there without being bothered by the authorities.

In some places, the charters of churches or monasteries had sections in them stating exactly under what circumstances a person could be removed from sanctuary. These ranged quite a bit on what they allowed. On the one hand a felon fleeing from the law might be allowed time to reflect on his sins, confess and do penance, a period of perhaps six weeks. At the other extreme, there were abbeys whose charter allowed permanent sanctuary to anyone, regardless of the offense, and even agents of the king could not remove them.

These laws were nearly always obeyed by kings and other authorities. Failing to obey them could lead to excommunication, and this caused more trouble than it was worth because it often meant that all people who supported a king with oaths of allegiance were freed of those oaths - anyone who wanted to rebel was given a right to do so by the Church.

An example of a high profile person who took advantage of this was Isabelle of Angoulême, who conspired to poison king Louis IX of France. When the plot failed, she took sanctuary in Fontevraud Abbey, and she stayed there until she died, two years later, at age 58, and, presumably, of natural causes.

There are records of many women who used such refuge to get away from abusive husbands or otherwise difficult situations. There were queens who escaped their husbands in this way, leaving the husbands wondering what to do about it.

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