In an Active Directory Domain, there is a special Domain Controller which holds the FSMO Role "PDC Emulator". As its name suggests, it is there to ease migration from NT 4 domains to Active Directory 2000 and up domains by letting this PDC Emulator DC behave like a NT4 Primary Domain Controller. This allows to keep running NT4 BDC (Backup Domain Controllers) and NT4 Clients while you migrate core DCs to Windows 2000 and up. However, if you think the PDC Emulator is useless if you have no NT4 component in your infrastructure… you're wrong ! It serves many other different purposes : * When you use GPMC to modify a GPO (Global Policy Object), GPMC will by default perform the modification on the DC holding the PDC Emulator role. This prevents two administrators making conflicting modifications on the same GPO * The PDC Emulator is responsible of keeping the time synchronized on all the DCs * When a password is changed on a DC, this is immediately replicated to the DC holding the PDC Emulator role, and then according to the normal replication scheduling, on the other DCs. When a user fails to authenticate on a DC, this DC will immediately check with the PDC Emulator to know if this failure is due to a password change not yet replicated if it is the case, and the authentication matches the new one, then the authentication succeeds. This reduces the latency for a password change to take effect. To make it short, even in a full Windows 2000 and up Domain, the PDC Emulator role is one of the most important ones …
PDC Emulator
Pdc emulator
PDC Emulator will be responsible for time synchronization
PDC emulator has the role to synchronize time in the domain
The server holding the PDC emulator role will cause the most problems if it is unavailable. This would be most noticeable in a mixed mode domain where you are still running NT 4 BDCs and if you are using downlevel clients (NT and Win9x). Since the PDC emulator acts as a NT 4 PDC, then any actions that depend on the PDC would be affected (User Manager for Domains, Server Manager, changing passwords, browsing and BDC replication). In a native mode domain the failure of the PDC emulator isn't as critical because other domain controllers can assume most of the responsibilities of the PDC emulator.
The PDC Emulator page 86 of you 2008 server book, Mr. ITT student.
Next to DNS, time synchronization is one of the most important dependency of Active Directory. By default, Active Directory will tolerate a plus or minus of five minutes between the clocks of your network. If the time exceeds five minutes, clients will be unable to authenticate, and replication will not occur between domain controllers.Since time is so vital, Active Directory implements a time synchronization system based on Network Time (NTP). NTP ensures that every machine in the forest has a synchronized clock. In addition, each Windows 2000 or newer machine uses the w32time service to implement synchronize of their clocks.Below is a outline of how Time Synchronization works.The forest root domain PDC emulator synchronizes its clock with a reliable outside time source.Every child domain PDC emulator synchronizes its clock with the PDC emulator of its parent domain.Each domain controller synchronizes its clock with the PDC emulator of its domain.Each domain computer synchronizes its clock with the domain controller it authenticates to.
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p= park d= distance c=control
dsquery server -hasfsmo pdc
The domain controller is only of one type but it can have different roles Domain Naming master RID master PDC Schema Master Infrastructure master Schema master (forest wide): The Schema Master controls all updates to the Schema within the forest. Domain Naming Master (forest wide): The Domain Naming Master role is responsible for the creation and deletion of domains in the forest. PDC Emulator (domain wide): The PDC emulator role provides backwards compatability for Windows NT backup domain controllers (BDCs), the PDC emulator advertises itself as the primary domain controller for the domain. It also acts as the domain master browser and maintains the latest password for all users within the domain. Infrastructure Master (domain wide): The Infrastructure Manager role is responsible for updating references from objects within its domain with objects in other domains. RID Master (domain wide): The RID Master manages the Security Identifier (SID) for every object within the