What is a Catholic prayer book called?

You may be thinking of the book currently called The Liturgy of the Hours. It contains the prayers called matins, lauds, vespers, compline, etc. It is commonly called the Breviary..   Indeed,...

It was in English and not Latin!The Book of Common Prayer is the common title of a number of prayer books of the Church of England and of other Anglican churches, used throughout the Anglican...

There isn't a specific prayer book of Islam,.. prayers are usually memorized. Islamic prayers are often written down in general prayer books for the purpose of assisting Muslims to learn them.

The extra group of books are called the Apocrypha or deuterocanonical by Catholics. These "extra" Old Testament books include Tobit, Judith, Maccabees, Sirach, and several others.

The Sacramentary