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What is proctosigmoidoscopy?

Updated: 9/6/2023
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11y ago

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A colonoscopy (koh-luh-NAH-skuh-pee) allows a doctor to look inside the entire large intestine. The procedure enables the physician to see things such as inflamed tissue, abnormal growths, and ulcers. It is most often used to look for early signs of cancer in the colon and rectum. It is also used to look for causes of unexplained changes in bowel habits and to evaluate symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and weight loss.

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9y ago
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11y ago

Proctosigmoidoscopy is a procedure for examination of the anus, rectum, and distal sigmoid colon. It may involve the use of a proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or colonoscope. These instruments all provide visual examination of the intestine, as well as the ability to obtain tissue samples for biopsy.

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12y ago

A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the inside of the rectum and colon. This allows doctors to visually identify ulcers, polyps, tumors, inflammations, or sources of bleeding along the intestinal lining. Medical providers can also use a colonoscopy to collect tissue samples for analysis. This makes a colonoscopy a valuable tool in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colon and rectal cancer.

The colonoscope is the instrument used to perform a colonoscopy. It's a flexible tube ranging from 48 to 72 inches in length with a camera attached to the end. It is inserted through the rectum and is used to examine both the rectum, colon, and lower part of the small intestine. A non-invasive procedure known as a "virtual colonoscopy" is currently being tested but is considered non-standard. It utilizes CT and MRI scans to examine the rectum and colon.

To perform a colonoscopy properly, a patient's colon must be clear of solid matter. This requires one to three days of preparation prior to the procedure. A doctor will provide instructions, but typically a colon preparation consists of a clear liquid only diet. The goal of this process is to rid the digestive tract of all solid matter. Patients should expect to frequent the bathroom often during this time. The day prior to a colonoscopy, a patient is usually given a laxative or bowel irrigation to ensure all solid matter is removed.

A colonoscopy takes from 15 to 60 minutes to complete. Patients normally receive sedation during the procedure, so a friend or family member should drive him or her home. It is normal to experience some adverse side-effects during the procedure including flatulence and cramping. Recovery time is quick. Most patients take longer to recover from sedation than the procedure itself.

A colonoscopy is just one of several screening tools at the disposal of doctors. It is recommended that people over the age of 50, and those with a higher risk for colon cancer, receive frequent testing. Deciding whether a colonoscopy is the right procedure for a patient is a decision that must be made after consulting with a doctor.

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11y ago

Sigmoidoscopy is a procedure of looking in the Sigmoid (part of the Large Intestines) through a sigmoidoscope or a fiber-optic tubular instrument used for looking or visualizing.

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What is a proctosigmoidoscopy?

This procedure uses a proctoscope, sigmoidoscope, or colonoscope and digital examination to evaluate the lining of the distal sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal. It's indicated in patients with recent changes in bowel habits, lower abdominal and perineal pain, prolapse on defecation, pruritus, and passage of mucus, blood, or pus in the stool. Specimens may be obtained from suspicious areas of the mucosa by biopsy, lavage or cytology brush, or culture swab. This is a more clinical answer than I was hoping to give you. The above is obtained from Medical-clinic.org This is a more professional site but a great place to start with questions regarding preps, expectations and other facts that could prove to be helpful to you. Hope this helps.


Sigmoidoscopy?

DefinitionSigmoidoscopy is an internal examination of the lower large bowel (colon) and rectum, using an instrument called a sigmoidoscope.Alternative NamesProctoscopy; Proctosigmoidoscopy; Rigid sigmoidoscopyHow the test is performedDuring the test, you are positioned on your left side with your knees drawn up toward your chest. A gastroenterologist or surgeon will perform the test. First, the doctor does a digital rectal exam by gently inserting a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to check for blockage and to dilate (gently enlarge) the anus.Next, the sigmoidoscope -- a hollow tube through which the doctor can see-- is inserted into the rectum. Air is introduced into the colon to expand the area and help the doctor see better. The air may cause the urge to have a bowel movement.The sigmoidoscope is advanced, usually as far up as the sigmoid colon or descending colon. Then, as the scope is slowly removed, the lining of the bowel is carefully examined. The hollow channel in the center of the scope allows for the passage of forceps for taking biopsies or for other instruments for therapy.Sigmoidoscopy may be done using a rigid or flexible scope. Ask your doctor which procedure you are having.How to prepare for the testYou must sign an informed consent form. You will wear a hospital gown.On the morning of the procedure, eat a light breakfast and then use a cleansing enema about 1 hour before the sigmoidoscopy.Infants and children:The preparation you can provide for this test depends on your child's age, previous experiences, and level of trust. For general information regarding how you can prepare your child, see the following topics:Infant test or procedure preparation (birth to 1 year)Toddler test or procedure preparation (1 to 3 years)Preschooler test or procedure preparation (3 to 6 years)Schoolage test or procedure preparation (6 to 12 years)Adolescent test or procedure preparation (12 to 18 years)How the test will feelThere will be pressure when the scope or fingers are introduced into your rectum. There may be a feeling of the need to have a bowel movement during the procedure. There may be some bloating or cramping caused by the air or by stretching of the bowel by the sigmoidoscope. Biopsies cause no discomfort.After the test, you will expel the air that was introduced.Why the test is performedThis test can help diagnose:Bowel obstructionCauses of diarrheaColon polypsDiverticulosis (the presence of abnormal pouches on the lining of the intestines)Inflammatory bowel diseaseThis test can also be used to:Determine the cause of blood, mucus, or pus in the stoolConfirm findings of another test or x-raysTake a biopsy of a growthTo screen for colorectal cancerNormal ValuesNormal findings show that the lining of the sigmoid colon, rectal mucosa, rectum, and anus appear normal in color, texture, and size.What abnormal results meanAbnormal results can indicate:Anal fissuresAnorectal abscessBowel obstructionCancerColorectal polypsDiverticulosisHemorrhoidsInflammatory bowel diseaseInflammation or infection (proctitis)What the risks areThere is a slight risk of bowel perforation (tearing a hole) and bleeding at the biopsy sites (the overall risk is approximately 1 in 1,000).ReferencesU.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for colorectal cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Nov 4;149(9):627-37.Weinberg DS. In the clinic. Colorectal cancer screening. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Feb 5;148(3):ITC2-1-ITC2-16.