http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern
what design patterns you are asking about? software design patterns? there are 23 of them as I know.
design pattern (general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design)
The design patterns are language-independent strategies for solving common object-oriented design problems. Some common design patterns in Java are: Singleton Pattern Factory Pattern etc
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_pattern_(computer_science)
Many. A site says at least 250 existing patterns are used in OO world.