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Geared turbofans have planetary reduction gearboxes to allow the fan (which pulls the airplane through the sky) will run slower than the compressor shaft. This does two things for you. It lets the shaft turn faster, and more efficiently, than the fan can safely turn, and it increases the horsepower available to the fan. Say you have a shaft that produces 1000 horsepower at 100,000 rpm. If you turn a three-foot-diameter fan 100,000 RPM it will explode like a grenade. Installing a 10:1 reduction gear will allow the fan to run at 10,000 RPM but it will have 10,000 horsepower. (Every time the compressor shaft turns it puts out 1000hp; if it turns 10 times to make the fan turn once, it puts 10,000hp out.)

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