When talking about the tone of a piece, the word you pick is extremely important. There is a huge difference between the words happy and jovial. The words sad and gloomy create a completely different feeling. Sarcastic is fine, but what about caustic?
These are some words that I often use to describe tone:
1. Accusatory -- charging of wrong doing
2. Apathetic -- indifferent due to lack of energy or concern
3. Awe -- solemn wonder
4. Bitter -- exhibiting strong animosity as a result of pain or grief
5. Cynical -- questions the basic sincerity and goodness of people
6. Condescending -- a feeling of superiority
7. Callous -- unfeeling, insensitive to feelings of others
8. Contemplative -- studying, thinking, reflecting on an issue
9. Critical -- finding fault
10. Choleric -- hot-tempered, easily angered
11. Contemptuous -- showing or feeling that something is worthless or lacks respect
12. Caustic -- intense use of sarcasm; stinging, biting
13. Conventional -- lacking spontaneity, originality, and individuality
14. Disdainful -- scornful
15. Didactic -- author attempts to educate or instruct the reader
16. Derisive -- ridiculing, mocking
17. Earnest -- intense, a sincere state of mind
18. Erudite -- learned, polished, scholarly
19. Fanciful -- using the imagination
20. Forthright -- directly frank without hesitation
21. Gloomy -- darkness, sadness, rejection
22. Haughty -- proud and vain to the point of arrogance
23. Indignant -- marked by anger aroused by injustice
24. Intimate -- very familiar
25. Judgmental -- authoritative and often having critical opinions
26. Jovial -- happy
27. Lyrical -- expressing a poet's inner feelings; emotional; full of images; song-like
28. Matter-of-fact -- accepting of conditions; not fanciful or emotional
29. Mocking -- treating with contempt or ridicule
30. Morose -- gloomy, sullen, surly, despondent
31. Malicious -- purposely hurtful
32. Objective -- an unbiased view-able to leave personal judgments aside
33. Optimistic -- hopeful, cheerful
34. Obsequious -- polite and obedient in order to gain something
35. Patronizing -- air of condescension
36. Pessimistic -- seeing the worst side of things; no hope
37. Quizzical -- odd, eccentric, amusing
38. Ribald -- offensive in speech or gesture
39. Reverent -- treating a subject with honor and respect
40. Ridiculing -- slightly contemptuous banter; making fun of
41. Reflective -- illustrating innermost thoughts and emotions
42. Sarcastic -- sneering, caustic
43. Sardonic -- scornfully and bitterly sarcastic
44. Satiric -- ridiculing to show weakness in order to make a point, teach
45. Sincere -- without deceit or pretense; genuine
46. Solemn -- deeply earnest, tending toward sad reflection
47. Sanguine -- optimistic, cheerful
48. Whimsical -- odd, strange, fantastic
Some examples of tone words include: cheerful, somber, sarcastic, formal, playful, serious, inspiring, mocking, respectful, and neutral.
I think you're confusing tone with mood. Tone is the attitude of the author, and is automatic whenever you write to any audience. There are no special "tone words." Of course, there are no special "mood words" either -- authors use many words to make a mood.
An inspirational tone
Mood
speaking The words, emotions and tone of voice are all elements of speech.
Texture melody tone
serious! >:)
urgent
Candidness
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish words.
words like “violence“ and “bloodshed” give the excerpt a threatening tone
The author's tone towards the government appears critical, skeptical, or even disapproving. Words and phrases that convey this tone could include "inefficient bureaucracy," "excessive regulations," or "lack of transparency."
You may use any words you wish to express tone. Tone means the writer's attitude -- it's usually shown in the words chosen, the level of writing, the way the author writes, and the language used by the author. You create tone automatically when you write for different audiences.