Answer:
In the general sense, a model from which models or patterns are made is referred to a meta-model. In addition to fully describing the models and their relationships, a well formed (robust) meta model will contain a method set (methodology) for creating models and patterns described in the meta-model.
In the fashion sense, the meta model is a field of study called "Descriptive Geometry." "Descriptive" in this sense is meant to distinguish it from "Axiomatic" geometry - the bane of may school children. It should be mentioned that descriptive geometry is sometimes seen as only a part of the fashion meta-model because it does not speak to the aesthetic principles. However, the argument can be made that aesthetic principles (golden ratio, color themes, etc.) are a separate meta-model that is accessed by many practices, including architecture, industrial design, fashion, and interior design.
Consider this example: slice a cylinder at an angle other than its circular cross-section. Then slice down the shortest length of the cylinder and lay if flat. The resulting edge will be a curve, rather than a straight line. This curve will instantly be recognizable as the standard sleeve profile. A pattern draftsman using descriptive geometry and a few simple tools on a drafting board will be able to draw the sleeve design and integrate it into the overall pattern.