What is a superdelegate?

Superdelegates

Superdelegates are non-elected voters who have the full power of delegates despite not being selected through primaries or caucuses. The Democratic National Committee is currently the only political party to appoint superdelegates or to have a weighted nomination system. The number of superdelegates appointed per state depends upon that state's population and Democratic voter registration, thereby giving more weight to states with stronger Democratic bases.

There are 796 super-delegates to the 2008 Democratic National Convention, comprising nearly one fifth of the total number of delegates.

About half of the super-delegates are current and former elected officials: all current Democratic Congressmen and Governors, and all former presidents, vice presidents, majority and minority leaders. The other half are members of the Democratic National Committee.

Super-delegacy as a feature of the nomination process has come under close scrutiny due to the very tight 2008 race.

2008 Democratic Presidential Nomination Race:

Early in the process, most of the superdelegates were expected to support Hillary Clinton. There was a fear that Obama might win the majority of elected delegates, but Clinton would win a large enough majority of superdelegates to secure the nomination.

Barack Obama and his campaign officials suggested that this would lead to many of his supporters feeling disenfranchised, and that it would be wrong for the superdelegates to subvert the will of the voter should he win the majority of the popular vote. Clinton supporters countered that superdelegates were chosen as "super voters" by their own party, therefore more representative of the true will of the entire party.

Obama and Clinton lobbied the superdelegates aggressively. Most superdelegates have announced who they will support, but they are not committed irrevocably to one candidate until the Democratic National Convention in August.

If the Democratic primary race remained very close, the issue of superdelegation and the questions regarding the delegates from Michigan and Florida (see related question) may plunge the Democrats into a nightmare scenario: the supporters of the losing candidate may feel that the election was stolen from them, and thus might not support the winning candidate as actively as they otherwise would.

This nightmare scenario however does not appear to be playing out, and as of May 11 Obama and Clinton are running even among superdelegates, with the AP reporting that Obama has taken the lead in superdelegates, and NBC reporting Clinton's superdelegate lead as down to 2.

The argument for:

It is a representative means of completing a nomination via respected party leaders designed to balance the popular vote which can largely be unfamiliar with the realities of politics as well as uninformed on issues and actual candidate background and behavior.

The argument against:

While the apportionment by region is representative, the selection of individuals isn't. It would be like letting George Bush select 435 super-voters, one from each Congressional district. Superdelegates allow the Democratic National Committee insiders to overrule the voters in a close election.

Super delegate vs. Superdelegate vs. Super-delegate

Because this is political jargon, the correct term might be super-delegate. However most news organizations including the AP, CNN, New York Times, and FoxNews have established "superdelegate" as the standard use of the term. The Democratic National Committee doesn't use the term at all, instead referring only to "Unpledged Delegates."

An Example:

The following example was provided. A critique of it is presented below.

Imagine you live in a town where everyone decides to paint all the houses only one color. The town decides to have a vote to determine what color to use. If there are 10 people living in one house and only 3 living in another house, it would be unfair if everyones vote counted equally. It would be fair if every house had one vote. So the 10 vote for one person (a superdelegate or homeowner) to represent them, and likewise the 3 vote for one person to represent them. All these "one" persons, or super delegates gather to vote on what color to paint the houses, one vote per house. Easy enough. The fun part comes when the 6 out of the 10 in the one house want to paint the houses green, but the person they send decides to vote for orange.

Now you and others in your area vote for a person to go make the "one" vote, maybe Obama, but that person may actually go vote for Clinton, or vice-versa. That person may be voted out of office when he returns, but the vote is already cast.

Critique of Example:

The above example may more accurately describe the electoral college, or the allocation of Pledged Delegates, then they describe superdelegates. Nobody votes for the superdelegates. They are appointed by the national committee. The Pledged Delegates (the not-so-super delegates) are the delegates whom the voters select.

First answer by Gilr. Last edit by Gilr. Contributor trust: 750 [recommend contributor]. Question popularity: 26 [recommend question]