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The purpose of the surge shaft to damp surges in the headrace tunnel of the underground hydropower plant.

It dampens hammering in HRT and prevent it from bursting. It actually consist of an orifice, which helps in regulating the flow in HRT gradually.

A surge shaft is one of the components of water conductor system of a hydr Power Plant. It is not a part in Dam but Dam can be one of the components of an hydro power Plant.

If you have a very high head hydro power plant with a water conductor system or so called HRT, Pressure Shaft and a Steel Penstock then a Surge Shaft is necessary to dampen the Water Hammer pressures immediately occurring due to the Load rejection cases which are frequent and are related to fluctuations in the load demand and other deficiencies or machine faults or line faults etc. Due to water hammer pressure the flowing water into the turbines gets rejected and the water starts travelling in the form of back pressure or oscillating waves with a very high velocity or celerity. This has to be dampened or else there is a possibility of cracking of penstocks or collapse of tunnel linings etc.

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Q: What is a surge shaft in dam?
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