During the 1990's Malcolm Knowles developed a new theory in the context of adult learners. This is often contrasted with the child's learning methods - pedagogical learning.
The opposite (antonym) of antonym is synonym. An antonym is a word that means the opposite. A synonym is a word that means the same thing, or nearly the same thing, for a given context.
Some words do not have direct opposites [antonyms]. Antonyms do not usually substitute for phrases. The phrase "you are" has no antonym. A contrasting version of "you are" is "you are not".