An herbal tincture is an extract of the herb using a mixture of alcohol and water. The percentage of alcohol depends on what constituents (phytochemicals or plant chemicals) you are trying to extract.
Well, tinctures are mixtures of mostly bitter herbs and alcohol. You can use grain alcohol, vodka, rum, brandy, whatever you desire. When using bitter herbs, something is needed to "cover up" the...
No, a herbal extract is not the same as the powdered herb, as powdered herb will likely refer to the whole herb being powdered, rather than an extract from that herb.
Two possible meanings of 'tincture': A tincture is an alcoholic solution of a non-volatile substance, e.g. of iodine. A tincture is an alcoholic extract (e.g. of herbs, leaves or other plant material)