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A cavitation plate is a permanent horizontal plate on the vertical shaft of the outboard right above the propeller. It sits just at the water level when the boat is up on plane (ie: flush with the bottom of the boat, for a planing style hull).
It prevents 'cavitation' of the propeller ie: prevents air from the surface of the water being picked up by the action of the propeller. Cavitation drastically reduces a prop's effectiveness & efficiency; basically a cavitating prop is pushing some air rather that just water. Over-revving can also result.

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Q: What is an outboard motor cavitation plate?
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What is a cavitation plate on a boat?

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