There is a six (6) letter word for it. It is called a tuxedo.
In America, a so-called dinner jacket is called a blazer. These are often worn when the occasion calls for semi-formal wear, but not a full suit.
tuxedo
Another name for a life jacket would be a PFD.
anorak
dublohelfissen
Flak JacketBulletproof JacketArmored JacketKevlar Jacket
Bolero jacket is sort of a wrap around the shoulders
parka
blurb
doublet
There is none. Dinner jacket is English English for tuxedo! It does imply a black tie and vice versa.
Banquet
a sweatshirt or a hoodie
Anorak