What is causes by the uneven heating of the earth and it atmosphere?

Answer 1

Pole. Specifically the North and South Poles. :)
It is one of the factors that cause what we know as weather. Wind, ocean currents and evaporation, and clouds. Uneven heating works with the earth's rotation, upon the the land and seas to cause weather patterns flowing across the earth.
It causes convective flows that are the major source of the Earth's winds.

Convection occurs when air is heated and rises, then is cooled and sinks again. Uneven heating works with the Earth's rotation to cause weather patterns flowing across the earth. This creates unique climates based on the location of land and water areas.

Answer 2

Differences in pressure, which is what drives wind and the redistribution of this heat poleward through storms, largely. This is basically why we have weather.