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  • three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band; green signifies hope, joy, and love; white represents peace and honesty; red stands for hardiness, bravery, strength, and valor; the coat of arms is derived from a legend that the wandering Aztec people were to settle at a location where they would see an eagle on a cactus eating a snake; the city they founded, Tenochtitlan, is now Mexico City
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12y ago
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10y ago

Flags were introduced to Mexico by the Spanish. What is known as the flag of Mexico has evolved over one and a half centuries, beginning with Miguel Hidalgo and ending with Gustavo Díaz Ordaz.

The first flag to have a distinctly Mexican identity would have to be the celebrated Guadalupan banner brandished by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla on 16 September 1810. The first use of the eagle surmounting an opuntia cactus (which became known as the country's heraldic shield) was by José María Morelos y Pavón, circa 1812. The first tricolor (green/white/red) flag was used by the insurgent army in Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca in 1813.

The first version of the modern Mexican flag was designed by the "constitutional emperor" Agustín de Itubide as a simple tricolor and adopted by the insurgent army on 24 February 1821, almost at the end of the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821). Once independence was achieved, Iturbide's flag was adopted by the Sovereign Provisional Governmental Junta of the Mexican Empire on 2 November 1821 but with the addition of an image of a crowned mantling eagle to the white third.

Successive changes were made primarily to the heraldic shield: in fact, the shield changed an uncounted number of times between 1867 and 1968. The "second flag" was adopted on 1823, when the crown was taken from the eagle's head and a serpent was added to its beak. During the War of Reform, 1857-61, the Conservatives used the "second flag" with the eagle facing right while the Liberals used the same flag with the eagle facing left. In 1863 the emperor Maximiliano created the "third flag" by adding French devices to all thirds. With the emperor's death in 1867 the "second flag" returned to use. Other changes to the shield were made in 1881, 1893 [this might be a reference to Porfirio Díaz's personal flag but its meaning is unclear], 1899, 20 November 1916, 1934, and on 16 September 1968, when the present design (the "fourth flag") was adopted by presidential decree, to be confirmed by federal law on 24 February 1984.

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10y ago

At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees (Ejercito Trigarante or Ejercito de las Tres Garantias) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustin de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain.

At first, the meaning colors of the Army of the Three Guarantees was:

  • Green: was a sign of independence from Spain.
  • White: Religion, faith or belief, the Roman Catholic faith.
  • Red: Union among Americans and Europeans

However the meaning of these colors have varied considerably with the passage of time. The last accepted, modern definitions are:

  • Green: Hope in the future.
  • White: Unity among the Mexican people.
  • Red: The blood of the Mexican heroes.

As for the Mexican coat of arms:

Before 1325 AD, the Aztec or Mexica (as they knew themselves) people were a nomadic tribe that wandered throughout the land, looking for a place to settle and build their capital. Their state religion awaited the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy: that the wandering tribe would find the destined site for a great city whose location would be signaled by an eagle eating a snake while perched atop a cactus.

The Aztecs saw this vision on what was then a small swampy island in the middle of lake Texcoco, after which they founded their capital city, on March 13, 1325. Not deterred by the unfavorable terrain, they set about building their city, using the chinampa system (misnamed as "floating gardens") for agriculture and to dry and expand the island. That city was Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City.

The prophesy and subsequent vision is now immortalized in Mexico's coat of arms and on the Mexican flag.

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14y ago

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