Line loss equations are complicated by transmission environment and temperature?
Transmission env. - Include wire type, bus impedance in switching fields, etc.
Temperature - Temperature can change the wire resistance and thus line loss.
Electric energy is transported across the countryside with high-voltage lines because the line losses are much smaller than with low-voltage lines.
All wires currently used have some resistance (the development of high-temperature superconductors will probably change this some day). Let's call the total resistance of the transmission line leading from a power station to your local substation R. Let's also say the local community demands a power P=IV from that substation. This means the current drawn by the substation is I=P/V and the higher the transmission line voltage, the smaller the current. The line loss is given by Ploss=I²R, or, substituting for I,
Ploss = P²R/V²
Since P is fixed by community demand, and R is as small as you can make it (using big fat copper cable, for example), line loss decreases strongly with increasing voltage. The reason is simply that you want the smallest amount of current that you can use to deliver the power P. Another important note: the loss fraction
Ploss/P = PR/V²
increases with increasing load P: power transmission is less efficient at times of higher demand. Again, this is because power is proportional to current but line loss is proportional to current squared. Line loss can be quite large over long distances, up to 30% or so. By the way, line loss power goes into heating the transmission line cable which, per meter length, isn't very much heat.
Watt loss or power loss is given by I x I xR x 3, where I line current, R is line resistance per line
Ploss = (I2)*R
If the transformer is three phase the calculation is I = 30,000 / 1.73 E. If the transformer is single phase the calculation is I = 30,000 / E. (Where I = current and E = secondary voltage) It is important to note the voltage in the first formula is line to line (typically how it is specified in three phase power systems), and the second formula it is line to neutral.
A load loss factor, LLF,not loss load factor,Êis a calculation used by electrical utility companies to measure energy loss.Ê Its the ratio of average load loss to peak load loss.
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http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatcond.html
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If the transformer is three phase the calculation is I = 30,000 / 1.73 E. If the transformer is single phase the calculation is I = 30,000 / E. (Where I = current and E = secondary voltage) It is important to note the voltage in the first formula is line to line (typically how it is specified in three phase power systems), and the second formula it is line to neutral.
Formula
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