Paul, in his Epistle to the Galatians, describes meeting James, "the brother of Jesus" in Jerusalem, where he appeared to be one of the three pillars of the local church (along with Peter and John) and perhaps even the leader. It is debated whether this James was the brother of Jesus described in the gospels or whether "brother of Jesus" was a title indicating his position in the church. It is believed that members of the Jerusalem church fled across the Jordan in the early sixties, at the beginning of the First Roman-Jewish War.
Josephus indicates that James was stoned to death.