No-till farming is a method of growing crops in which the soil is disturbed only as much as necessary to get the seed and plant nutrients into the soil. In industrial farming systems, it requires specialized equipment and practices to achieve acceptable yields. It helps the environment by keeping soil covered with some type of plant material year-round, thereby preventing nearly all erosion. It also requires fewer trips through the field with heavy equipment, which uses less petroleum products per acre of crop produced. Because of the fact that soil beneath the top layer doesn't get exposed to the air, it is a method of helping to sequester, or trap, carbon. Unfortunately, it also means that sometimes more pesticides must be used to counteract the lack of tillage, though rigorous crop rotation can alleviate most of this.
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