FORM
With regular verbs the past participle is formed by adding -ed to the basic form of the verb.
With irregular verbs the past participle is formed in different ways:
USAGE
The past participle is used:
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PRESENT PARTICIPLE
FORM
The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the basic form of the verb.
USAGE
The present participle is not only used when referring to the present. It is also used when referring to the past or the future. The present participle form is also used in different parts of speech:
1. verb forms, to make perfect, passive and continuous (progressive) verb forms with the auxiliary verbs have and be:
2. as adjectives: the walking injured, a pack of playing cards, an aging population, an interesting* person.
* n.b. The 'present participle' (-ing) form is used as the adjective when describing people or things that causefeelings, NOT the past participle form.
Compare this usage in the following examples:
3. in clauses:
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For more information, see Sources and Related linksbelow.
Being is the present participle. The past participle is been.
present participle
Studied is the past participle of study. Studying is the present participle.
Lead is present tense. The present participle is leading. Led is the past tense and past participle.
The present participle is beating. The past participle is beat.
Being is the present participle. The past participle is been.
present participle
Studied is the past participle of study. Studying is the present participle.
Lead is present tense. The present participle is leading. Led is the past tense and past participle.
The past participle is done. The simple past tense is did. The present participle is doing.
The past tense and past participle is equipped; equipping is the present participle.
Present Participle of pull is pulling, past is pulled, and past participle is have pulled
The present participle is beating. The past participle is beat.
Present participle - winding Past participle - winded
The present participle is "sowing" and the past participle is "sown".
The present participle is bearing. The past participle is borne.
The present participle is swelling. The past participle is swelled.