A patent artery is open. Codominance means one doesn't have more flow than the other. Antegrade flow is normal forward motion of the blood. Stenosis is narrowing, and these vertebral arteries aren't showing narrowing. It's just a big old paragraph filled with good news.
This statement likely indicates that the vertebral arteries are open, with good blood flow traveling in the typical direction without any narrowing or blockages present. The term "codominant" suggests that both sides of the vertebral arteries are contributing equally to blood supply in the brain.
The vertebral arteries are open tubes and the blood is going in the right direction.
Tortousity of internal carotid arteries
Antegrade refers to something moving forward or in the usual direction. In medical terms, it can describe the normal flow or direction of bodily processes, such as blood flow through the arteries. For example, an "antegrade approach" may refer to a procedure that follows the usual or forward direction of a blood vessel.
vertebral arteries
2
The anterior portions of the brain are supplied by the internal carotid arteries. The posterior portion of the brain is supplied by the vertebral arteries.
The left & right vertebral arteries.
The right and left vertebral arteries join together to form a single basilar artery at the base of the skull.
Tranverse formamina
Oxygen and nutrients are provided to the brain via the carotid arteries and vertebral arteries.
The vertebral arteries are branches from the subclavian arteries that travel up the spine in the foramen transversarium and into the skull in the formen magnum. They fuse at the level of the midbrain to form the basilar artery and then the posterior cerebral arteries. They supply blood to the brainstem, cerebellum and posterior portions of the brain.
cervical vertebral c5-6
The major arteries involved include 1) the right and left carotid arteries, and 2) the right and left vertebral arteries.
Carotid arteries supply blood to brain . Blood is supplied to the entire brain by 2 pairs of arteries: the internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. The right and left vertebral arteries come together at the base of the brain to form a single basilar artery. The basilar artery joins the blood supply of the internal carotid arteries in a ring at the base of the brain. This ring of arteries is called the circle of Willis. The circle of Willis provides a safety mechanism...if one of the arteries gets blocked, the "circle" will still provide the brain with blood.