The Hall effect is the production of a potential difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor in which an electric current flows in the presence of a magnetic field. Edwin Hall discovered this effect in 1879. The direction of the potential difference is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current.
The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, as its value depends on the type, number and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current.