What is the cause of imperialism in southeast Asia?

Answer 1

Causes and Effects of Imperialism

Aim: What were the causes and effects of Imperialism?

Who: US, Japanese, French, British, Indian, African

What: Imperial powers and their imposed rule on subject lands & Mixed motives, competition, legacies

When: 19th-20th century

Where: Europe, Africa, India, Japan, Pacific, America

How: Industrialization equipped imperial powers with effective tools

Why: To gain Natural Resources, to subdue potential enemies, to acquire land

Modern Imperialism and Colonialism

• Domination by industrialized countries over subject lands
• Two types of colonies (Ruled and populated by migrants & Controlled by imperial powers)
• Cecil John Rhodes (1853-1902) - Entrepreneur and prime minister of Cape Colony

Motivation for Imperialism

• Economic (Rubber, tin, and copper & Rubber plantations in Congo River)
• Political (Colonies as harbors and supply stations for naval ships & Defuse internal tension)
• Cultural (Christian Missionaries in Africa and Asia & Rudyard Kipling: Raised in India and justified expansion with "white man's burden")

Tools for Imperialism

• Transportation (Steamboat gun-ships reached Africa/Asia & Railroads organized communication)
• Telegraph (1870s) development of submarine cables, Firearms & Muskets to rifles to Maxime guns to Machine guns
• Battle of Omdurman, Infrastructure
• Suez Canal (1859-1869) and Panama Canal (1904-1914) lowered costs of trade

British in India

• Mughal decline and EIC take over 1750s & Built trading cities in Calcutta, Madras & Ruled with sepoys (sepoy revolt 1857) & Cartridges in wax paper greased with animal fat & Attacks on British civilians & Imperial rule replaced EIC & Viceroy and civil service represented authority & Stamp of British culture on Indian environment & Outlawed sati & Opium and Coffee

Imperialism in Central and Southeast Asia

• Central Asia (British, French, Russians compete for central Asia & The "Great Game")
• Southeast Asia (Dutch: Indonesia [Dutch East Indies] & British establish rule in Burma 1880s & French: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, 1859-1893)

Europeans in Africa (1875-1900)

• European powers seized almost entire continent between 1875-1900
• Britain establishes strong presence in Egypt, Rhodesia (Suez Canal)
• Britain seized Cape Colony (Trek of Afrikaners-they went inland and established independent republics; Orange Free State)
• European exploration of rivers (Nile, Niger, Congo, Zambesi)
• King Leopold II of Belgium starts Congo Free State, commercial ventures

Significant Events in Africa

• South African (Boer) War 1899-1902 (Started with discovery of gold in their lands & Britain defeated Afrikaners and converted Boer republic into British colonies)
• The Berlin Conference (1884-1885) - (European states and the US set the ground rules for the colonization of Africa)
  • (1900) all of Africa was under European powers except Ethiopia and Liberia

Imperialism in the Pacific

• (1770) James Cook reached Australia
• 1000 settlers establish colony in New South Whales
• Diseases decrease aboriginal populations
• Settlers force indigenous population onto marginal lands
• Gold discovered 1851
• Most islands claimed by France, Britain, Germany and US

US Imperialism

• The Monroe Doctrine: all Americas a U.S. Protectorate (Roosevelt Corollary)
• Manifest Destiny
• (1867) purchased Alaska from Russia
• (1875) established protectorate over Hawaii (Locals overthrow queen in 1893, persuade US to acquire islands in 1898)
• Panama Canal (U.S. gains territory to build canal)

Spanish-American War (1898-1899)

• US declares war in Spain after battleship Maine sinks
  • Treaty of Paris- Possession of Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba
  • US intervenes in Caribbean, Central American lands
  • Filipinos revolt against Spanish rule, later against US rule (Philippine- American War)
• Led by Emilio Aguinaldo

Early Japanese Expansion

• Resentment over Unequal Treaties of 1860s by the United States and Europeans
• 1870s colonized northern and southern region
• 1876 Japanese purchase warships from Britain, dominate Korea
• Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) with China fought over Korea results in Japanese victory
• Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) also ends in Japanese victory making them into a major imperial power

Legacies of Imperialism

• Europeans migrate to temperate lands
• Africans, Asians, and Pacific islanders migrate to tropical/subtropical lands
• Colonial rule caused the transformation of crops
  • Indian cotton for British textiles industry
  • Introduction of new crops - Tea in Ceylon
  • Rainforests converted to tea plantations

Colonial Conflict

• Rebellions against colonial rule (Maji Maji Rebellion (1905-1906) & Rebels use "magic water" &75,000 insurgents died)
• Development of "Scientific" Racism (Combines with theories of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) to form pernicious doctrine of Social Darwinism & Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (1816-1882))

Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Movements in India

• Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1883), Bengali called "father of modern India"
• Reformers call for self-government, adoption of selected British practices
  • Influence of Enlightenment thought, often obtained in European universities
• Indian National Congress formed 1885
• 1906 joins with All-India Muslim League

Answer 2

Imperialism in south-East Asia and the pacific was quite devastating. Most of the citizens were oppressed by the imperial rule and this is what triggered most revolutions and wars.

Answer 3

its ridiculous!