Answer:
390 parts per million by volume or 591 parts per million by mass. This is 0.039% of the total atmosphere (by volume).
This is approximate. CO2 varies slightly in a yearly cycle, and is also increasing steadily due to anthropogenic (man-made) emissions.
Carbon dioxide is a well-mixed gas. This means that it doesn't matter where it is measured, it will show the same value because (on average) it is evenly distributed throughout the globe.