See the link below for an excellent discussion of drag coefficient on the NASA website.
An airplane has 4 forces acting upon it and one of them is Drag, a force in the opposite direction of flight. Aeronautical engineers study the forces on a wing but found it easier to use non-dimensional measuresments. Drag is measure in Force (lbs). But Drag Coefficient is a value of force/force. This allows the engineer to produce charts for the numerous airfoil wing designs and have a Drag Coeffecient Chart that can be used for various sizes of wing applications.