It is a continuous pulse of light aimed in a specific direction (as opposed to multiple directions, or in all directions, example being the sun) the use of the word "continuous" beforehand is like...
singly reinforcement beam have steel provided only one side tension an another side compression. tension takes steel load or tensile load and compression takes concrete or compressive load.
The bottom 12" of the beam is in the slab and the top 12" is an upturn, so it does make sense from a constructability standpoint. However, calculating the horizontal shear flow at mid-height is...