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in SEM you look at either backscattered or secondary electrones

in TEM you look how much of your electron beam makes it through the sample onto your phosphor screen or film camera.

The resolution of the TEM is better.

SEM is used for looking at the surface or at the atomic composition of it. If you want to look at the surface you may have to cover the surface by a very thin (couple of atoms) thick layer of gold.

TEM requires very thin sections (usually about 70nm thick) or very small structures. Biological tissue requires very good fixation and additional staining to see contrast.

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Q: What is the difference between a TEM and a SEM?
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