0
What is the difference in genome between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text). Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species. Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons. The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species. Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment. The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons. There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns. There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences. The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
What is the difference between genome and karyotype?
the difference is simple it helps to decompose
How many more organelles do prokaryotic cells have then eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic:no nucleuscircular DNAonly ribosomescell wall in allplasmids in mostEukaryotic:NucleusLinear DNAno plasmidsMany cellular organellessome with cell membrane only
What describes a prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, plasmids, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cell wall, and a nucleoid. They do not have a membrane-bound nucleus like Eukaryotes do.
Is it true some plants animals contain prokaryotic cells?
Plants and animals are classified as eukaryotes (true nucleus with nuclear membrane). These cells do not have prokaryotic cells lodged in them. while describing the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplast, we say that these may have once been free living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed into the eukaryotic cells. There is evidence that the mitochondrial and chloroplast genome has structure similar to that of the prokaryotes. The ribosomes and the RNA types produced are also typical of prokaryotes. The fact that the organelles have double membranes also suggests being absorbed by a larger cell. However, even if they were their own cells at one time, they have degenerated into only organelles. Thus plants and animal cells do not have prokaryotic cells.
Can the genome of an organism be taken as a template for PCR?
No about 16,000 bases is about the limit that you can do for PCR so perhaps you could use an entire viral genome (or a cDNA copy) as a PCR template but not an entire genome of cellular organism even if you ignore the fact that a eukaryotic organism has it's genome spread over separate chromosomes.
Difference between eukaryotic DNA replication and bacterial replication?
The difference between Eukaryotic DNA and bacterial genome replication is the eukaryotic DNA is mostly linear and has multiple sites of replication. They both are bidirectional.
What is the difference between genome and karyotype?
the difference is simple it helps to decompose
How is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell organised?
DNA, CYTOPLASM, FLAGELLA, CILLIA, MITOCHONDRIA
Name of the first prokaryotic genome to be sequenced?
Haemophilus influenzae
Is it true mitochondria and chloroplasts originated in bacteria?
It is thought that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotic organisms and they were engulfed by a eukaryotic organism and instead of being digested by the cell a symbiotic relationship was formed. this is called endosymbiosis. the first scientist to pioneer this kind of thinking was Mereschkowsky back in 1905. Taking chloroplast as the example, most of the genes from the chloroplast genome have been intergrated into the nulcear genome. Those that are left are conserved in both the chloroplast genome and the cyanobacteria genome. (the cyanobacteria is the prokaryotic organisms that is thought to have been engulfed, thus creating the ancestor to the modern chloroplast). For example, the gene for bacterial cell division is also found in the chloroplast genome. Comparing both the modern chloroplast genome and the modern cyanobacteria genome it is possilbe to see just how many genes that where originally chloroplast based have jumped ship and gone to the nuclear genome. Both animals and plants contain mitochondria but only plants contain chloroplasts. This suggests that the endosymbiotic relationship between the eukaryotic cell and the mitcohondria happen before the animal and plant lines diverged.
How many more organelles do prokaryotic cells have then eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic:no nucleuscircular DNAonly ribosomescell wall in allplasmids in mostEukaryotic:NucleusLinear DNAno plasmidsMany cellular organellessome with cell membrane only
Segments of eukaryotic DNA that can move or be copied from one site to another in the genome are called?
transposable element
What describes a prokaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, plasmids, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cell wall, and a nucleoid. They do not have a membrane-bound nucleus like Eukaryotes do.
Is it true some plants animals contain prokaryotic cells?
Plants and animals are classified as eukaryotes (true nucleus with nuclear membrane). These cells do not have prokaryotic cells lodged in them. while describing the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplast, we say that these may have once been free living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed into the eukaryotic cells. There is evidence that the mitochondrial and chloroplast genome has structure similar to that of the prokaryotes. The ribosomes and the RNA types produced are also typical of prokaryotes. The fact that the organelles have double membranes also suggests being absorbed by a larger cell. However, even if they were their own cells at one time, they have degenerated into only organelles. Thus plants and animal cells do not have prokaryotic cells.
The eukaroyotic cell that receives a copy?
The eukaryotic cell that receives a copy of the parent genome is called the daughter cell
Can the genome of an organism be taken as a template for PCR?
No about 16,000 bases is about the limit that you can do for PCR so perhaps you could use an entire viral genome (or a cDNA copy) as a PCR template but not an entire genome of cellular organism even if you ignore the fact that a eukaryotic organism has it's genome spread over separate chromosomes.
Name some associated genes of human mitochondrial genome?
Some associated genes of human mitochondrial genome are the Eukaryotic cells and the cell nucleus. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's ovum.
