One of the consequences of the 2nd law is that it is impossible for a power plant to achieve 100% efficiency. In fact the maximum efficiency is limited by the temperature of the boiler and temperature of the condenser for power plants powered by heat (like coal, gas fired, and nuclear).
The 2nd law of thermodynamics basically states that there is always increasing entropy in the universe. Although the total quantity of energy is conserved, there is always a breakdown of useful energy into less useful forms. Usable energy, when processed, turns into a less efficient form. Entropy is the measure of unusable energy in a closed system, so therefore, entropy is increasing (2nd law).
As for the efficiency of power plants, that depends on the type. Coal-burning power plants have between 32 % to 42 % efficiency, natural gas fired ones have 32 % to 38 % efficiency, and nuclear power plants only have 0.27 % efficiency.
The efficiency of a power plant is usually measured as a ration of its electrical output to to amount of heat used, expressed as a percentage. So if we have a plant that has operates at 2000 mWt (thermal megawatts) to produce 600 mWe (electrical megawatts), its efficiency is 30%. Typical commercial plants range from about 30% to 65% efficiency. The more efficient plants cost more to build.
Efficiency depends more on how the energy is used rather than how it is produced because ratings are based on conversion of heat to electrical power, rather than the energy in the fuel to electricity or cost of fuel to electricity.
Thermal engines typically use less that 50% of the heat they generate. In a combined cycle plant, some part of the remainder of the heat is captured. In some plants, there are three ways for the heat to be captured. Combined cycle gas turbines can be 65% efficient, with the gas combustion driving a turbine, the exhaust heat driving a secondary electrical generator, and the residual heat used to heat buildings. This is called cogeneration - the production of two types of power from a single source.
Nevertheless, the method of production does had an effect on the efficiency of a combined cycle system. For example, natural gas can be used very effectively for cogeneration because the levels of pollution and danger of accident from natural gas are relatively low. Coal can be used for cogeneration, but not as efficiently, because the exhaust must be treated, which requires energy. Nuclear power is problematical for cogeneration because the plants cannot be sited in dense population centers due to needs to account for evacuation in case of accident.
Because Energy flow is from a high energy state to a low energy state the direction of flow of heat is from a high temperature to a low temperature. Because the second law states that no system can perfectly maintain it's total energy, the efficiency of a heat engine must necessarily be reduced by the entropy of the energy transfer.
The folds in the cristae increase the surface area, so cellular respiration can occur more efficiently.
Both the Law of Mass and the molecular concentration because they both relate to the same principle.
Acceleration can be either a change in speed or a change inthe direction of the motion even if speed doesn't change.a=dv/dt
they relate becuse the relate
Quite simply, just like anything else, cells need energy to work. The energy can't be created out of nothing (First Law), and usable energy gets converted to unusable energy, therefore new energy sources must be found (Second Law).
By the first law of thermodynamics, energy is conserved - i.e. the sum of the useful work and the energy lost to heat will equal the energy you started with. The second law states that you will never get 100% energy efficiency.
Changes in energy in systems
Thermodynamics is the branch of science that deal with relations between all forms of energy and power.
How does outsourcing relate to the concepts of comparative advantage and efficiency?Read more: How_does_outsourcing_relate_to_the_concepts_of_comparative_advantage_and_efficiency
The second law of thermodynamics states that
Cc's do not relate to horsepower. Cubic centimetres (cc) is the measure of size of the engine. Horsepower is related to the engines type and tuning.
They want people to be able to relate to them.
The velocity of an object, in a given direction, is a vector which measures the change in position, in that direction, per unit of time.
an equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth from east to west
In economics, efficiency and productivity relate to the making of products, both goods and services. Productivity represents the amount of output compared to the effort put into the production of that good. Efficiency on the hand means the amount of time spent in doing the same thing.
The folds in the cristae increase the surface area, so cellular respiration can occur more efficiently.
It's a good song. It's catchy and everyone can relate to the lyrics.