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Straight chlorine (as opposed to chlorine compounds or aqueous solutions of chlorine) is normally a gas - and is stored under pressure. As such it has all the normal safety issues of any compressed gas - such as puncturing the contain can cause rapid release of the gas which can throw debris around or cause the container to fly around. Contact with rapidly expanding gas may cause burns or frostbite.
In addition, chlorine is a strong oxidizer. It may cause damage to the lungs, upper respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. It is severely corrosive to the skin, eyes and lung tissues. It is not flammable, but it can react with many other substances including organic substances to release halogenated products. In the case of hydrocarbons, some of these halogenated hydrocarbons are carcinogenic. Most reactions with other materials are very exothermic - i.e. it gets VERY hot. Reactions with alkali materials are especially exothermic. A concentration of 293 ppm is observed to kill 50% of experimental rats within 1 hour. Note that chlorine is used to sterilize residential water supplies and to treat swimming pool water. It is quite soluble in water, but if you add too much, it becomes a very strong irritant and can even become corrosive, thus solutions and mists of concentrated aqueous solutions are also health hazards.
When it is used in an industrial environment, it should be used only with adequate ventilation. It is recommended to use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep worker exposure to airborne contaminants below any recommended or statutory limits. Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists or dusts. Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product. Use a properly fitted, air-purifying or air-fed respirator complying with an approved standard if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. Respirator selection must be based on known or anticipated exposure levels, the hazards of the product and the safe working limits of the selected respirator. When there is a dangerous concentration of chlorine in the air, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) should be used to avoid inhalation of the chlorine. (Full chemical-resistant suit and self-contained breathing apparatus should be
worn only by trained and authorized persons.)
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