What is innovation of adoption MODEL of advertising?

Answer 1

As a holistic strategy of economic development, innovation system, propelling economic growth and enhancing competitiveness, has been accepted and applied worldwide. As the later comer, Hong Kong showed its distinctive features during the emergence innovation and also the innovation policy implementation. With a beginning of historical trace description, the thesis shows which the Hong Kong's social economic background and the factors has great impact on the process. In Hong Kong, quasi-national and partial innovation system both exist and operate that bear interacting relationship of the Triple Helix in which the key participants containing government, industries, universities, and that have certain extension to this model. By the use of the general equilibrium mechanism which is for the comparison that is between benefit and cost while decision making, the Hong Kong's implementation of innovation policy that act like the institutional change which is always being discussed in the thesis. It will be suggested that both the early public policy interventions and the response toward the incentives that are in the private sector interact with each other and explain the case relative to Hong Kong.

Chapter 1 Introduction

The research topic

The Innovation in Public sector of Hong Kong

The research problem

1) Suppose that if the innovation system can be applied in Hong Kong, what are the funcion and interacting about the participants that are within the system?

2) According to the judgment of general standard of innovation system which includes the variation of sectoral, regional and national innovation to find out whether there is innovation system functioningg and existing in Hong Kong or not.

3) In what way how the innovation policy acting as an institutional change emerge and develop? To tell whether it was a forced institutional change conducted by top-down public policy intervention or by bottom-up private sectors?

The objectives of the research

The objectives can be divided into two categories:

1) To create the informative blueprint of innovative activities by the systematic method.

2) To apply the innovation development studies that are relative to case in Hong Kong;

Research hypothesis - descriptive, comparison, relationship of the questions

Having a long history, the character of Hong Kong is distinctive and mixed, as well as a culture focusing about the discussion that are within mass media and non-fictions. Does it make impact on any other factors that is about the society? What are the criteria of evaluating the effects of distinctiveness within the social science without having the subjective presupposition?

The importance about the problem

The thesis will highlight the decade which was the period after Hong Kong's sovereignty return to China and then the related policies and majority of innovation were conducted in the region.

The scope of the research

It does not mean that the research material would be limited for a short period. Instead of that, some necessary retrospect for the background would be taken together. The thesis intended to seek for the explanations and answers for the questions about this research.

Chapter 2 Critical Literature Review

Because there is some arguable issue whether the theories should be applied for innovation studies that with high science wise standard, it is significant as well as profound to define some relevant concepts which will help for setting the foundation and determine the proper direction of research for the beginning.

2.1 The concept about Innovation

2.1.1 The early appearance relative to "innovation"

The first use of "innovation" could be originated in the Renaissance thinkers. The meaning of it was similar as the current one. With Michel angelo and some other artist and scientist introducing this concept, Renaissance economic thinking began to be spread around the world. (Reinert, 2007).

2.1.2 The current use about the innovation

The concept of both process innovation and product innovation often indicate the application new knowledge. It can happen incrementally by consecutive improvement to existing process and products; Besides, it could be radically take place through introducing the completely new product or process. (OECD, 2005). Furthermore, organizational innovations, marketing innovations and also technological innovation which usually attract more attention because all of these are regarded as the main forms of innovation.

2.1.3 The innovation of statistics and publication in Hong Kong

New combination of technology and using other useful knowledge which is acquired by the surveyed company, commonly contribute to the innovation. The general introductory document that relative to Hong Kong, all the facts demonstrate that innovation and technology are considered to be value adding measures which helps to promote industrial competitiveness.

The word "innovation" is translated into "chuangxin" in Chinese with literally meaning of creating something new. Its Chinese translated version not only focuses on newness and novelty, but also covers a wider meaning than the original meaning of progress in technology.

2.2 The innovation policy

To resembling other innovation policy and public policies, can be a measure from government idea to the innovation function. The policy requires the cooperation and coordination between production and entrepreneurship, science and technology.

The innovation policy's practical instruments is depend on the factors like infrastructure, institutions, education and training, incentives, international trade, the financial market, the labor market, firms and so on.

2.3 The innovation system

The public and also private actors are both interacting intensively make up the complicate "innovation" phenomenon which is generated and spread on the systematic nature. During this process, that the communication among the all of the participants is inevitable. (Freeman, 1987)

The participants, on which the innovation system emphasis, include universities, firms, government and institutions and research agencies. All of these elements interact on each other and are considered to be more important for the development of innovation capacity within the national or the regional level.

2.3.1 The evolution as the scientific definition

At the time of around 1980s, innovation system acting like the scientific definition that appeared in academia, with the approach which firstly developed of the national innovation system. And Chris Freeman (1987) is one of its major advocators.

The approach of new innovation system is over the scientific concept. Because of this system, connection between economic development and also innovation at a specific levels can be achieved. At the same time, the connection between policy making and innovation system approach was established as well. As a development approach for policy makers, the national innovation system which is most naturlly one won large popularity. As a result of the new structurally conception, the policy makers' horizons were expanded. The functions of innovation system include influencing and illustrating the innovation process about the a region or a country and providing the policy suggestions.

2.3.2 The perspectives about the innovation system study

The concept has been distinguished from some precise analysis, when getting its wider application. Various angles of innovation system study include but are not limited to regional, sectoral and national perspectives, and vary relative to the focus of it.

When several countries' policy framework, innovation performance and other problems are being analyzed, the national approach should be used which is named as "national innovation system", since as to the country, its boundary is also the boundary of policy implementation and system building. Therefore, all the parts has been mentioned in the nation state. And the national innovation system has a basic feature of the functioning production systems and the institutional innovation system in it.

As a special status, Hong Kong has controlling the economy and autonomy of policy, but neither of them can be separately.

2.3.3 The interacting mechanisms and also the core participants of innovation system

The concept that about the innovation system has the broad approach that if a certain region needs to conduct innovative performance and activities, such problems as what is the specific reference of the system and which components should be included within the system must be solved. For example, the main components of innovation system relative to institutions are institutions and organizations.

The participants inside the system as well as their interactions are very important which include firms, individuals, governments, producer groups, and so on. Those participants that diffuse, produce and adapt new knowledge make up the institution establish. Besides, the institutional setting up can affect the interacting mechanisms; the then the interacting mechanisms could further affect the market development, firm and technical changing.

When it comes to what dose Triple Helix mean? "Triple Helix" is a model to establish the systematic picture and it primately focus on academia industry government relations; which is different from the participants. If the innovative activities are just restricted within a organization, it is impossible to create most efficient innovation. Therefore, cooperation and collaboration are required and the lateral relationships during the process is getting essential.

Chapter 3 Conclusion

The overall analysis is arranged for some responses for the reserch. And also the functioning mechanism and actors of innovation system in Hong Kong were discussed in the chapters. Besides, the report also tries to place the decision making process toward the general equilibrium framework.

According to the three perspectives relative to the innovation system, it is obvios that Hong Kong had been prepared enough to establish the integrated innovation system that is about the regional or sectoral or quasi- or sub-national level. With the increasing regional cooperation between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong, the development of innovation system can be understood from the context. During this process, because of the background is inherited through the economic field, Hong Kong also faces a great stress in the path of innovation system application.

Answer 2

Awareness
Interest
Evaluation
Trial
Adoption