Answer:
It is a mathematical equation that allows you to "solve" a triangle (find all length and angle values), if you know 2 sides and an included angle, or all three sides. It doesn't have to be a right triangle. You can find the cosine on a calculator easily.
c2 = a2 + b2- 2ab cos C
C = included angle
c = side opposite angle C (c)
a = side a
b = side b
The cosine law relates the length of the sides of a triangle to one of the angles in the triangle. If the triangle is labelled with vertices A, B, C with usual notation for edges (ie a is the side opposite the vertex A, so not touching A) and if x is the angle at vertex C then the cosine law says (c^2)=(a^2)+(b^2)-2abcos(x)