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The uppermost mantle is connected to the crust and forms the asthenosphere, which composes Earth's tectonic plates. The bulk of the mantle is composed of extremely hot rock under enormous pressure. The mantle may be very close to the melting point of the rock which composes it, or even partially melted. Mantle rock is higher in magnesium and iron than the crust. Rocks in the upper mantle are composed of the minerals olvine, garnet, spinel and pyroxene. With increasing depth, some of these minerals become unstable and are replaced by mineral polymorphs which have the same chemical composition, but different structures.

For more information on the composition of the mantle as a whole, please see the related question.

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13y ago
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15y ago

After studying rock samples, scientists have determined that the mantle is made mostly of the elements silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium.

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11y ago

Hot lava that may sometimes seep onto earth through volcanoes. But the lava also creates volcanoes whether they are underwater or on land

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13y ago

Very hot rock under eminence pressures very close to melting point if not semi-melted.

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14y ago

Liquid rock mainly iron

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13y ago

Olivine.

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Q: What is the upper mantle of the earth made of?
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