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Electronic microprocessors are limited by the speed of light. Electrical current through the processor travels at the speed of light and that becomes the limiting factor.

The Speed of Light is 29,979,245,800 cm/sec. A 1 GHz Processor can theoretically perform up to 1,000,000,000 instructions/sec. Each processor instruction produces a result in the form of an electrical signal that needs to be stored or delivered somewhere. The time in between consecutive processor instructions becomes the limiting factor since it determines how far the signal produced by the previous instruction can travel at the speed of light. The time in between instructions on a 1 GHz processor is 1/1,000,000,000 sec, if this figure is multiplied by the speed of light we would get a distance of 29.9 cm. This means that no component that interacts directly with the CPU can be at a distance greater than 30 cm for a 1 GHz processor. For a 3 GHz processor the distance is 10 cm.

It seems that we are currently near to the limit of how fast our processors can run. The current "multiple core" trend we are seeing from processor manufacturers seems to support this case. Multiprocessing is currently the most cost effective workaround to acheive improved performance if you cannot go any faster on a single processor.

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In practice it is slowed further by such factors as capacitor charge-discharge times. These may be in fractions of microseconds, but still significant at the circuit's working frequency.

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9y ago
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11y ago

Theoretically, processing speed doubles every 18 months so there is no maximum speed. If you want to know about frequencies then I can tell you that most modern processors operate in the 3.0GHz range and above up to 4.2GHz and it doesn't look like that will change for a while.

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Q: What is the maximum theoretical processor speed for a compute?
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