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Merger of title in the law of real property is used to describe a situation whereby a lesser title is absorbed by a greater title and the lesser title disappears. It is commonly used when referring to easements and mortgages.

Suppose James Smith granted a mortgage on his property to Elizabeth Murphy. Murphy would now have a security interest in the property. That mortgage would remain as a lien on the property until it was paid off and a discharge was recorded to clear the title. If Smith couldn't pay off the mortgage and decided to move away he could convey the property to Murphy by deed if she agreed. Murphy's interest under the mortgage would "merge" with her fee interest under the deed and the mortgage lien would be extinguished. There would be no need to record a discharge of that mortgage.

Now suppose a farmer split a narrow but deep parcel into two lots, one with frontage on the road (A) and one requiring passage over Lot A for access (B). He sold the rear lot (B) to MacDonald with a right of way over the front portion (A). MacDonald and successive owners will always have access over Lot A to reach Lot B. Therefore Lot A will always be encumbered by the rights of the owners of Lot B to cross over their lot.

If the owner of Lot A later purchased Lot B the easement in the right of way would merge with the fee when the same owner acquired the title to both lots. The easement in the ROW would disappear.

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Q: What is the meaning of merger of title regarding real property?
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