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The molecule you have described (C8H18) is Octane. The number of carbon atoms in the longest molecule chain give the first part of the IUPAC name.
C Atom Number - First Part
1 ---------------------Meth
2 ---------------------Eth
3 ---------------------Prop
4 ---------------------But
5 ---------------------Pent
6 ---------------------Hex
7 ---------------------Hept
8 ---------------------Oct
Type of Molecule - Suffix
Alkane ----------------ane
Alkene ----------------ene
Alcohol ----------------anol
Ketone ---------------one
Aldehyde -------------anal
Carboxylic Acid ------oic Acid
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Nomenclature deals with this aspect of a substance?
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