I am also trying to find out the same information. While I can not find any scientifically based research - all the "answers" Ive found indicate between 2:1 & 6:1, and most likely 4:1.
Alternate Answer:
Refer to the Pilling-Bedworth ratio (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilling-Bedworth_ratio). It provides a theortetical volume ratio between the metal oxide and the elementary cell of the corresponding base metal. For iron, the ratio is roughly 2:1 (oxide to metal), but varies according to the chemical nature of the oxide, available oxygen, etc.
It is important to note that this is a theoretical ratio comparing relative volume and may not directly correspond with the ratio of measured thickness in actual practice because of the way the oxide (rust) product forms and layers resulting in varying density. Often, the physical thickness of the rust scale on carbon steel is reported to significantly exceed twice the loss in thickness of metal section. Many professionals in the corrosion industry cite an observed ratio of for carbon steel that is 4-10 times that of metal section thickness loss, particularly on heavy rust scaling in a chloride-laden marine environment. However, I am not aware of any published research or testing that supports this commonly accepted assertion.
This variance in ratios between the relative volume and thickness are possibly the result of voids within the formation of thick rust scale films. In my experience, we have observed rust scaling on carbon steel in a marine environment that is typically 3-4 times the thickness of the corresponding section loss in the base metal.
In summary, the answers could be different depending on whether the question concerns thickness of the corrosion product compared to metal section loss, or the relative volume between base metal lost and oxide formed. There is published data tha supports a 2:1 change in volume for iron. But, in terms of physical thickness of the measured rust scale compared to metal section loss, it appears the ratio could be greater.
The last answer was A... Thats not very helpful, and niether is me saying this. I lost the game
The answer is that the thicker the loft insulation is the more heat loss will be reduced as if it is thicker the more air is trapped between the layers of insulation and thermal energy cannot pass throught trapped air causing it to not leave your howm and therfore hating it Hope this helps C.Turner
First of all to correct that Cupola Furnace is used to melt Pig Iron to make Cast Iron not the Steel. As per practice the melting loss in Cupola furnace is cosiderd as arround 4.00 %. Sirajuddin Khan Bolan Castings Ltd. Karachi, Pakistan
The thicker the loft insulation the less heat escapes The thicker the loft insulation, the more trapped air there is which helps to keep heat in as air is a good insulator.
These are exact opposities - heat gain is an increase in energy that results in an increased temperature of the material. Heat loss is a loss in energy that results in a decreased temperature of the material.
The thickness at which insulation begins to decrease heat loss is described as Critical Thickness
A win loss ratio is to keep track of records for a season. Ex. 4:3 Ratio. the 4 is the win while the 3 is the loss airgo win loss ratio.
how do we calculate credit loss ratio in banks financials
I'm not familiar with the term "term claim ratio." Did you mean "claim loss ratio?" If so, a claim loss ratio is the ratio between the amount of claims paid to the amount of policy premium. This can be done on either an individual insured basis, or on an entire "book" of business. Hope this helps.
% loss = ((selling price - cost)/cost x 100 Ratio of loss to cost? (selling price - cost)/cost
: Profit and loss account gives the actual information about net profit or net loss of the business for an accounting period, Profit and loss account gives the actual information about indirect expenses, Profit and loss account serves to show the ratio between net profit to sales, Profit and loss account helps in showing the ratio between net profit to operating expenses, Profit and loss account helps in controlling indirect expenses
Loss Ratio in insurance is the ratio of total losses paid out in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total earned premiums. If an insurance company, for example, pays out $60 in claims for every $100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60%.
the thicker the insulation is then there will be less heat loss. The material also affects heat loss
Yes Thinner insulation is more loss - not as much loss as with no insulation Thicker insulation less loss.
Loss Ratio in insurance is the ratio of total losses paid out in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total earned premiums. If an insurance company, for example, pays out $60 in claims for every $100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60%.
The ratio of losses paid to premiums earned, usually over a period of one year
Gas cutting & burning loss calculation chart required for mild steel plate?