Shutter speed is the amount of time that the camera's shutter (which lets the light coming in through the lens onto the film/chip inside the camera) is open. Aperture is the size of the opening inside that lets the light in. Both affect the amount of light entering the camera to result in an exposure - the longer the shutter is open and the wider the aperture, the more light that is coming in. Aperture also affects the depth of field of the image, so a wide open aperture such as f/2.8 will let in a lot of light and have a shallow depth of field.
An introduction to Shutter Speed and Aperture:
Both of the above variables help control the amount of light that reaches the film (or in a digital camera, the CCD sensor), however they have differing affects on the resultant photograph.
The shutter is a sheet that moves to uncover or obscure the film or CCD and normally obstructs the passage of light. The aperture is a hole in an optical diaphragm which can be varied in size to alter the amount of light entering the lens (a lot like the pupil and iris of a human eye).
In general to maintain a good exposure, if you lengthen the shutter speed (allowing more time for light to reach the film or sensor) you must decrease the aperture size (to allow less light into the lens in the first place) and vice versa.
Mathematical Relationship:
In Photography and other branches of optics, the aperture size of a given lens is often described as an F-ratio or F-stop number. This is the ratio of the aperture diameter to the focal length of the specific lens.
This is expressed as NF = F / DA
Where:
NF = F-Number
F = Focal length of lens
DA = Aperture Diameter
As such the mathematical relationship between shutter speed and aperture diameter is directly proportional (when the shutter speed gets higher, the aperture must get larger to maintain correct exposure) and the mathematical relationship between the shutter speed and F-stop number is inversely proportional (as the shutter speed decreases, the F-Stop number must increase - meaning that the aperture diameter is decreasing to avoid over exposing the image). This is known as a reciprocal relationship. However, when the shutter is slowed down beyond a certain point or the effective shutter speed is made extremely fast (via the use of strobe lighting), the purely mathematical relationship fails. This is known as reciprocity failure. Rather than explain it here, search for the question "What is reciprocity failure" (hopefully, no one changes the wording of the question).
Their use in photography:
Fast shutter speeds will "freeze" the object in the frame whereas slow shutter speeds will cause moving objects to blur (which can be a very effective technique when photographing flowing water / waterfalls). A very low shutter speed will actually cause moving objects to disappear from a photograph totally and is a common technique used by architectural photographers to ensure that moving people or vehicles do not appear in photographs of buildings.
A small aperture (higher F number) will create greater depth of field, which is the distance in front and behind the point of interest which is being focused on. This is useful in landscape photography where you wish to include detail in the whole of the image. A large aperture (lower F number) will greatly reduce the depth of field, meaning that less distance in front and behind the point of focus will be sharp. This is very commonly used in portrait and wildlife photography where you wish to isolate the subject of interest from the potentially distracting background.
Please see the related links.
aperture and shutter speed control the amount of light while iso refers to the sensitivity of the film or sensor to light.
Exposure, in digital or film photography, is determined by aperture and shutter speed. On a manual camera, the user selects both values.On an automatic camera, there are four possibilities:Manual mode. User selects both aperture and shutter speed.Shutter priority. User picks the shutter speed and the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure proper exposure.Aperture priority. User picks the aperture and the camera adjusts the shutter speed to ensure proper exposure.Program mode. The camera selects both values.
Usually, one would change the aperture to compensate for the change in shutter speed in order to keep the level of exposure the same. Changing the aperture affects the depth of field.
shutter speed and lens aperture
The first number is referring to the aperture (f/8 or F8) and the second number to the shutter speed (1/2000 sec.).
When using a Nikon 42x P510 camera it is very easy to slow down the shutter speed. On the side of the camera there is a dial that you can access to slow or speed up the shutter speed.
Aperture priority lets you set the aperture you want and the camera sets the shutter speed for you. You use it when you want to control depth of field. Shutter priority lets you set the shutter speed you want and the camera sets the aperture for you. You use it when you want to control how motion is rendered in the photograph. Program mode sets both shutter speed and aperture for you. Use it when you are not concerned with aperture or shutter speed control.
Aperture Priority has the camera set the shutter speed for you allowing you to set the aperture and it will set what shutter speed it thinks is best for your current light situation.
The amount of time that the shutter remains open - allowing light to pass through it to form the image. Generally - a lower shutter speed would be combined with a smaller aperture and a higher shutter speed with a larger aperture to correctly expose the image.
light
The shutter speed setting controls the picture exposure, or how dark or bright the picture will be. Wikipedia has some very good information on shutter speed and aperture.
Exposure, in digital or film photography, is determined by aperture and shutter speed. On a manual camera, the user selects both values.On an automatic camera, there are four possibilities:Manual mode. User selects both aperture and shutter speed.Shutter priority. User picks the shutter speed and the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure proper exposure.Aperture priority. User picks the aperture and the camera adjusts the shutter speed to ensure proper exposure.Program mode. The camera selects both values.
Well when the aperture is wide enough and shutter speed is not fast enough then there will be enough amount of light for the photo to be taken and looking good enough.
Usually, one would change the aperture to compensate for the change in shutter speed in order to keep the level of exposure the same. Changing the aperture affects the depth of field.
Exposure is the combination of aperture and shutter speed. Aperture (measured in f-stops) determines the amount of light that will enter your camera. Shutter speed (measured in seconds) determines the amount of time that the shutter will stay open to allow light to enter.
shutter speed and lens aperture
High shutter speed and fast lens/Big open aperture.
The first number is referring to the aperture (f/8 or F8) and the second number to the shutter speed (1/2000 sec.).