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In chemistry it is the sign used to represent an element. Examples: H = hydrogen, He = helium, Li = lithium, etc. Superscript numbers give the atomic mass, while subscripts give the number. The...
H2O (mind the subscript 2). This represents 2 hydrogen atoms (symbol H) bonded covalently (symbolised by a short line -) to one oxygen molecule (symbol O). Structure H-O-H
A and g are the first and third letters for the word meaning silver in Latin and the languages derived from it. That is where the word Argentina comes from.