The Donnan equilibrium effect can be correlated to living cells. Cell membranes are selectively permeable, which means that they allow some molecules to pass through while keeping others out.
The flow of molecules and ions between a cell and its environment is regulated by the Donnan effect. Living cells contain impermeable anionic colloids, which are mostly made up of proteins and organic phosphates; and these colloidal anions cannot cross the cell membrane.
As a result of this, there is a high concentration of non-diffusible anions across the cell membrane, thus creating the Donnan Equilibrium. This means that there are more ions inside the cell than outside. For ease of explanation let's call this Donnan Equilibrium 1.
What does this do to cells? Water will continuously move into the cell by the process of osmosis. If this process continues, the cells will inevitably rupture.
What is the mechanism that prevents cells from swelling and rupturing?The answer is the sodium pump (Na⁺- K⁺ ATPase) in the cell membrane. It is the most ubiquitous system in animal cells. The presence of the ATP-driven Na⁺ and K⁺ pump is nature's way of preventing cells from rupturing by continuously pushing out excess ions.The pump together with the membrane's low permeability to sodium effectively prevents sodium from entering the cell. The sodium pump renders the membrane impermeable to sodium, setting up a second Donnan Equilibrium (let's call this Donnan Equilibrium 2).
The earlier Donnan effect (Donnan Equilibrium 1) with respect to impermeable anionic colloids balances the latter Donnan effect (Donnan Equilibrium 2) of impermeable extracellular sodium. The balancing act between these two effects is by way of allowing cells to maintain and regulate normal cell volume in living functions.
Hope this answers the question.
equilibrium readjusts itself and a new equilibrium is established
The concentrations of reactants and products are modified.
At equilibrium its not changing (any more).
In thermal equilibrium, and only in thermal equilibrium, entropy is constant.
Only without a load. Putting a load on it upsets the equilibrium.
Homeostasis means equilibrium of a system.
The correct answer is a simple one: The system is unaffected by a catalyst in a system in equilibrium.
A system of whose equilibrium has been upset will shift to restore equilibrium.
The equilibrium of the system will be upset.
Le Chatelier's principle says that if a system in chemical equilibrium is disturbed, the system will move in such a way as to nullify that change.
Le Chatelier principle says, if a restriction is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system adjusts to a new equilibrium that tends to counteract the restriction. When equilibrium is under stress it will shift to relieve that stress. or all concentrations would change.
equilibrium readjusts itself and a new equilibrium is established
If the system is in equilibrium then the temperature is also.
In physics there are two common types of equilibrium: static equilibrium and neutral equilibrium. Equilibrium usually is related to potential energy, for a system to be at equilibrium it must maintain the balance between the two types of mechanical energy: potential and kinetic. The first equilibrium: static means that the system is in a relatively low (relatively means that there could be lower energy but the current states is a local minimum), thus small disturbances to the system will be returned to its original equilibrium. The other type of equilibrium is neutral equilibrium, the relative energies of the system is constant, thus disturbances to the system will move the system but it will remain at the same equilibrium value, and the system makes no effort to return to its original state. Please take a look at the graph for a visualization of these 2 types.
when a system is in equilibrium it is stable and all its parts function smoothly
The concentrations of reactants and products are modified.
They catalyse both the forward and reverse reactions, so the position of equilibrium is unaffected. The system will however reach equilibrium more quickly.