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The working principle of ramp type digital voltmeter is that:

It takes measurement of the time that is taken by instrument for its input voltage to change its state from input level to zero level and also the reverse is also true. An digital counter is employed in this system that measured time intervals and gives this output to the display unit that merely displays the output inform of digits with the help of indicating tubes thus making this section to work as output device.

A voltage, referred as ramp voltage, is initiated at the beginning of measurements. Generally used ramp is negative going type but we also use one of positive going type. A continuous comparison is made between ramp voltage and that the voltage under measurement. As soon as, it is found that ramp voltage becomes equal to the input voltage a pulse in formed by coincidence generally called comparator circuit. At the same time value of ramp voltage is also made to fall down till the time when it reaches zero level. When value of ramp voltage has fallen to zero or ground another circuit called ground comparator comes into play and result in to close the gate. Some time is taken by the circuit between opening and closing of the gate can be given by T, now, clock pulse generator circuit generates some pulses during time T that are given to gate as a result of them counting an displaying can be performed. Thus, Input voltage that was initially fed to the instrument is read in digital form.

It employs multi-vibrator circuits that are basically used to determine rate according to which cycles of measurement are started this multi-vibrator is called sample rate multi-vibrator. It is because the initial pulses that are responsible for activation or generation of next ramp voltages are generated by sample rate multi-vibrator as with as multi-vibrator also sends a pulse to counter circuit that makes it to come again to 0 states to clean up the digital display.

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Q: What is the working principle of RAMP type digital voltmeter?
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