In a recipe you could get away with a muscat or late harvest riesling. As for the wine itself, there are some domestic alternatives, like Beringer's Nightingale.
Sauternes is a French sweet white wine.
No, because sauternes is a sweet white wine, while marsala and sherry are red and can be dry.
Sauternes can be served at either room temperature or chilled. Chilling the wine will reduce its cloying sweetness.
Sauternes is a very sweet dessert wine, so you could use Muscat de beaume de venise (also a dessert wine), some sherry or a sweet liqueur.
No
This is impossible to answer because it's too subjective. If I could only have one more wine for the rest of my life, it would be Ch. d'Yquem from the Sauternes region of France. Blind taste tests have demonstrated that price is poorly associated with peoples' preferences for the wines they taste.
It's a desert wine.
Sancerre, Pouilly, Chablis, Bordeaux, Bourgogne, Alsace have further subdivisions (for example Graves, Côtes de Blaye, Pessac, Sauternes, to name only a few, are all from the Bordeaux area.)
Only from very specific locations like Alsace, Sauternes, Mosel, to name a few. The wimes either have to be very acidic, very sweet, or both.
Dom Perignon and Château d'Yquem may be the two mostfamous wines of France. Dom Perignon is a sparkling wine produced by Moët & Chandon from the Champagne region. Château d'Yquem is a sweet, white wine from the Sauternes region of Bordeaux.
Everything! They have the highest alcohol consumption rate per adult European. They're known for two wines: Egri Bikaver (Bull's Blood, basically swill) and Tokaji. Tokaji is one of the best dessert wines in the world, rivaled, in my opinion, only by Sauternes and German Trockenbierenauslese. It is a botrytised wine, similar to Sauternes, having a similar honey-apricot taste.
Cooking wine is wine that has salt added to it, No matter what kind it is.
Champagne or sparkling wine