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In Athens women had no rights. In Sparta women had lots of rights
Sparta led the Greek coalition by land and sea. Athens provided the major sea battle contribution, and a significant component in the land battles.
Athens was the maritime power and Sparta was the continental power. The war slogged on and off for over thirty years until Sparta finally gained superiority at sea, and a plague brought in form the Pontic grain ships killed possibly as many as one-third of the population of Athens, leaving it, almost literally, too weak to fight.
Athena was their patron goddess (Athens was named after Athens) so they asked her for prosperity, protection and success.
The roles of men in Sparta were to be trained to fight the war that was about to happen or was going to happen within a few months or within a year!
What might the author be saying about people's roles in ancient athens by including a women who speaks as freely as Leta?
order of the roles in ancient athens. (in order) citizens/ males women metics slaves
The Persians he promoted to take leadership roles over the heads of dissident Macedonians.
They had rights, could own land, aloud to leave house unlike Athens, and had to have physical training to make healthy babies to be in the military. They had all this because the men were at the military.
It was in their interests to join with the other Greek city-states in a coalition to defend their mutual interests and cities.
It changed over time. Basically in Athens adult males made up the citizen body and the army and navy; women were kept at home in virtual purdah running the family and household. There was a large number of public and privately owned slaves with no rights and provided a workforce to help run the city and farms. There were also resident aliens who had no rights but were expected to help defend the city. In Sparta the citizens formed the army, and used serfs to farm the land. Women had a degree of equality, the serfs were bound to the land and used as light infantry.
Sophocles, as a boy, won awards in wrestling and music, and led the chorus of boys at the Athenian celebration of the victory against the Persians at the Battle of Salamis in 480 B.C.E. When he was an adult, he moved to Athens and became one of the ten generals for 441/440 B.C., during which time he wrote Antigone.