No way of telling. Usually it's printed on the sidewall of the tire. If the original tires are all gone you have to try measuring the diameter of the rim. Keep in mind that the tire is seated maybe 1/6" in from the edge of the rim.
Bicycle tires start at a little over 3/4 inch for high speed racing tires, going up through 1.5 inch for light road going tires to 2.25 inch for knobbly off-road tires.
You need some that fit the rims, that's the main priority. After that you want some with a reasonable width and air volume, slightly below 2 inch wide.
The material that is used to manufacture Continental bicycle tires is rubber made from the Uniroyal company or other companies that specializes in supplying rubber for bicycle tires. To get a more specific answer to the question, a visit to the local bicycle shop can render an answer.
Basically, you can't. Car tires comes with year of manufacture printed (in code) on them, but no such thing for bicycle tires. What you can do is judge them for dryness, mount& inflate them, and look for cracks.
Bicycle tires can be bought and replaced easily at many biking stores. Bicycle Warehouse, Performance Bike, and Bicycle Tutor all sell replacement bike tires as well as teach one how to replace a bike tire.
When you need to inflate the tires.
Air fille bicycle tires were invented by John Dunlop.
You must be buying cheap tires. I find almost no flaws in bike tires that I use.
Not all of them have. Bicycle tires for soft/loose surfaces will have coarse treads and very knobbly patterns.But bicycle made to be ridden on hard surfaces will have very smooth treads.The main reason why car tires for road use have tread patterns at all is to avoid aquaplaning. And due to the shape and size of the contact patch of a bicycle tire, a bicycle can'taquaplane. So small/no treads will do fine.
twice as much as half of it!
Bicycle brakes allow the rider to slow down in a controlled manner and with out undue wear on the tires.
No, when your tire is at the optimum recommended pressure friction is least.- You will notice this most on bicycle tires, when pressure is low, it's harder to pedal. I pump my bicycle tires to 45 psi and have a smooth, fast ride.